CURRENT ISSUES OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN THE FIELD OF PHYSICAL REHABILITATION OF UKRAINE

in #occupational3 years ago

Currently in Ukraine is a very important issue of physical rehabilitation because various diseases and injuries of the peripheral nervous system and others are a socially significant problem now. Especially such a need for qualified specialists has increased significantly as a result of hostilities on the territory of Ukraine. In general, about 6.1% of the population in Ukraine are people with disabilities and this figure continues to grow. Therefore, physical therapy has reached a new level of development - occupational therapy, which consists in improving the old methods of therapy and the introduction of modern, progressive rehabilitation measures.

The concept of occupational therapy can be interpreted as a set of methods aimed at the rehabilitation of persons with physical disabilities (stroke, burns, orthopedic injuries, bone injuries, spinal injuries), cognitive impairment (autism, disability training, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and hyperactivity). emotional disorders (post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, etc.), ie restoring the basic functions of their body and improving their quality of life in all areas.
The difference between physical therapy and occupational therapy is that the latter not only helps to restore the normal functioning of the human body, but also helps it to create comfortable living conditions, social adaptation in society, and provides opportunities to restore work skills and meet daily self-care needs. or for their loved ones.
An occupational therapist is a qualified specialist and psychologist who develops individual programs for patients, which are focused on ensuring its full functioning and based on data about the person's environment, his life before the injury, his current condition, his personal inclinations and hobbies, as well as his intelligence. The process of occupational therapy consists of several stages: 1. Inclusion of the patient in the program of physical therapy; 2. Evaluation, goal setting, choice of methods; 3. Carrying out the program of occupational therapy; 4. Assessment of changes that occurred with the patient during this treatment. This recovery process helps to increase the patient's independence and increase his self-esteem. Thus, the occupational therapist can be regarded as an analyst who identifies and systematizes information about the causes of behavioral problems that reduce the quality of life of the patient. 2.jpg

Occupational therapy is used after strokes, after traumatic brain injuries that affect the speed and quality of life, to improve mental processes in the elderly, after injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system, in disorders of the peripheral nervous system, with limited mobility of various origins, at atrophy of muscles from long immobility.
There are also special simulators that allow you to simulate actions such as pressing the doorbell button, working with the switch button, closing and opening the latch, the action of the door handle, throwing brackets and closing the padlock, the ability to insert the plug into the socket and then pull out, make screw rotation, show several types of lacing, simultaneous insertion of figures into paired holes.
Classes are built on the principle of "simple to complex". The transition from the simplest tasks to more complex ones takes place only after the final formation of previous skills, the level of complexity of tasks and the intensity of loads are adjusted in time. In classes, special attention is paid to ensure that the patient was fascinated by the process.
For example, anti-terrorist operation fighters during their service face many psychological problems that disrupt their normal functioning, such as: sleep disorders; distrust of relatives; perception of the world around as threats; solitude; aggression; drugs, alcoholism; lack of emotions and feelings; guilt; difficulty in finding a job; nightmares.
That is, occupational therapy is designed to solve problems that arise in a person during the performance of some ordinary, everyday tasks, by selecting a comprehensive and individual approach to each. Без названия (1).jpg
Thus, occupational therapy is to restore lost motor functions and fine motor skills of the upper extremities, and contains the achievement of the maximum possible social and economic independence of patients and is a very important area in the medical rehabilitation system of Ukraine, which is not yet properly established.