Introduction

This article is essentially a public service announcement. It will be of extreme interest, not only to anyone who is suffering from vitamin B12 deficiency of unknown aetiology, ADHD or other neurological condition who has or has had dental amalgam. but to anyone who is suffering from a chronic medical condition which has not been diagnosed. Their predicament may be due to the rather shocking failure of the medical profession to understand the simple full blood count (FBC) as it is known in the UK or complete blood count (CBC) as it is known in the US. The FBC/CBC is the most fundamental tool in the doctor's toolbox and as such it is truly astonishing to find that they appear to be so bad at using it. I have discovered that many people who believe that they might be suffering from some form of macrocytosis and/or microcytosis, are actually suffering from hypoxia caused by mercury or other toxin. As if that were not shocking enough, I have recently discovered that some of the automated blood analysers we all rely on may have a very serious bug which effectively hides the existence of the microcytic red blood cells (RBC) which I believe are characteristic of this problem and which result in anomalous results. The information necessary to spot the problem is present in the results including the cell histograms but, apparently, doctors, scientists and laboratory technicians have been unable to logically analyse and solve this problem leaving, I fear, thousands of people to suffer unnecessarily.

Apparently it is now a requirement to agree with the World Health Organisation (WHO) in all things medical, otherwise you are not allowed to speak. So, I hereby swear and affirm that I believe the WHO when it wrote the following in its policy paper Mercury in health care : policy paper[13]:

a) "Around 80% of the inhaled mercury vapour is absorbed in the blood through the lungs."

b) "In 1991, the World Health Organization confirmed that mercury contained in dental amalgam is the greatest source of mercury vapour in non-industrialized settings, exposing the concerned population to mercury levels significantly exceeding those set for food and for air."

c) "Adverse health effects from mercury exposure can be: tremors, impaired vision and hearing, paralysis, insomnia, emotional instability, developmental deficits during fetal development, and attention deficit and developmental delays during childhood."

d) "Recent studies suggest that mercury may have no threshold below which some adverse effects do not occur."

So, essentially, the WHO states that mercury vapour from dental amalgam causes adverse health effects and that there really is no safe level for mercury below which it does not cause such effects. I rather suspect this will come as news to the millions of people in the UK and abroad who have had dental amalgam fillings. There was no recall and the NHS have not offered to pay to have my fillings removed and replaced with safer white fillings.

Not only the WHO acknowledges the adverse health effects of mercury but the EU does too. In the document Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament - Community Strategy Concerning Mercury {SEC(2005) 101} /* COM/2005/0020 final */[19], they state: "The largest source of†mercury†exposure for most people in developed countries is inhalation of†mercury†vapour from dental amalgam." Not only that, but they acknowledge that, " Mercury and its compounds are highly toxic to humans, ecosystems and wildlife," and that, " High doses can be fatal to humans, but even relatively low doses can have serious adverse neurodevelopmental impacts, and have recently been linked with possible harmful effects on the cardiovascular, immune and reproductive systems." Therefore, they say, " Hence exposure of women of child-bearing age and children is of greatest concern." In fact, studies have shown that the level of mercury found in foetuses is strongly correlated with the number of dental amalgam fillings and amalgam fillings may be a continuous source of organic mercury, which is more toxic than inorganic mercury and is almost completely absorbed by the human intestine[2].

The apparent concern of the WHO and EU does, however, seem at odds with the views of Peter Ward, the former Chairman of the British Dental Association:

He claims that there is "no real evidence that mercury does cause any problems in that way." However, it certainly seems to me as though there is quite a lot of evidence that even small amounts of mercury causes problems in the human body as the list of references beneath this article attest. Interestingly, there are many papers associating mercury poisoning with vitamin B12 deficiency and anaemia.

When I was young, unfortunately, my parents took me to a dentist who I believe deliberately damaged my teeth in order to fill them with dental amalgam. He would ram the dental explorer very hard into my teeth. I told my parents about this but they assumed that it was not harmful. However, he finally rammed the explorer so hard into one of my upper molars that he almost lifted me out of the chair. I yelled out in pain to my father who came running in to the room. After I told him what had happened, we left and that was that but I had a large number of dental amalgam fillings as a result.
Subsequently, I suffered from a number of chronic health problems, the worst of which was diagnosed as vitamin B12 deficiency of unknown aetiology when I was 24 years old. I was told by doctors that I was very lucky to have had my deficiency diagnosed so early and that all I needed was a vitamin B12 injection (hydroxocobalamin) three or four times a year and I would be fine. Sadly, this was not to be the case. My health continued to decline for many years with my memory gradually worsening to the point in 2006 that I was no longer able to get work as a contract software engineer. I went to my GP asking for increased frequency of B12 injections and a prescription of 5mg folic acid as recommended by the Pernicious Anaemia Society but was refused. I will save the details of how the vitamin B12 deficiency affected my health for future posts but, in essence, I had got to the point where I was slowly dying and I suspect that, had I not taken matters into my own hands, I would probably have died less than four years later.

I was obliged to research haematology for myself in an attempt to try and figure out what was wrong with me and I finally obtained a copy of my medical records in order to see my blood test results for myself. I was horrified to see that all of my FBC tests contained red-flagged parameters, specifically the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). In more than a decade, I had never been told there was an issue with my FBC. When I asked my doctor about it he was very dismissive and said that this was "normal" for me. He then told me that 5% of people had abnormal FBC parameters and they did not know why. However, as far as I was aware, he had never even tried to find a possible cause for it. I encountered a lot of resistance from him with regard to being referred to a consultant haematologist and he did not even want to refer me privately. Eventually I was referred privately and I went to see a world-renowned expert in B12 deficiency and was eventually referred to a consultant haematologist at my local hospital but, to my deep distress, neither of them managed to diagnose me. I envisaged a very bleak future for myself.
Fortunately, however, I am nothing if not stubborn and over the past ten or so years I have gradually learned what I needed to know to at least treat myself sufficiently that I am still alive and finally arrived at a proper diagnosis. I learned the basics over the course of a few years but no doctor was prepared to even entertain what I was pointing out to them as far as the simple problem with my FBC goes. The FBC is, after all, based on very simple, school-level statistics which a doctor should understand forwards and backwards. They are highly trained in statistics because they need to be able to read scientific papers which requires a far more sophisticated understanding.

Four years ago I wrote the following Steemit post based on what I had learned: How big are your red blood cells? Too big? Too small? Just right? Find out here[20]. I expected to update it long before now and to write many other posts on the haematological problems I had investigated and how they affected my health. However, I am delighted to say that I think you will find that it has been well-worth the wait. What I am about to reveal is actually a shocking indictment of our medical and dental system which I think will change the lives of many people for the better. It is difficult to believe that there is so much negligence, perhaps worse, at the heart of this but I am afraid that the evidence shows that it is true: simple haematological problems caused by mercury poisoning from dental amalgam are causing widespread ill-health unnecessarily and I will explain why here. At least, these would be simple haematological problems if doctors and haematology lab technicians were properly trained and the equipment they used worked properly. Unfortunately they are not and it does not.

How Can Mercury From Dental Amalgam Harm Your Health?

I was unaware, until eighteen months ago, that the dental amalgam fillings I had had as a child really could have caused the vitamin B12 deficiency of unknown aetiology that I have been suffering from for more than thirty years. I had heard stories from people who had spent many thousands of pounds having their mercury fillings "safely" removed and claimed it had helped them. However, for better or worse, I believed what I had been told by the authorities about there not being enough mercury in dental amalgam to cause health problems until I saw evidence to the contrary because I had not seen the evidence from the WHO and other organisations such as the EU at that point. I certainly did not want to spend many thousands of pounds to find out that it did not help.

I discovered that mercury vapour from dental amalgam is released, inhaled and enters RBC via the lungs where it binds to haemoglobin [1] reducing its oxygen carrying capacity by 50% I have read. I have not yet found a source in the scientific literature for the 50% figure so if anyone reading this knows of one, please let me know.

Over time, as the mercury accumulates in your RBC reducing their oxygen carrying capacity, your oxygen levels fall, reducing your metabolism since oxygen is required to produce energy in your mitochondria. Eventually, your oxygen levels will fall to a point at which the body must respond by attempting to increase them. Most people are probably aware that mountaineers who intend to climb a mountain like Everest, ascend to a base camp where they stay for a period while their body acclimatises to the low levels of oxygen at altitude. Well, remarkably, once you have been thoroughly poisoned by mercury, your body thinks it is at altitude and begins to adapt by increasing the amount of haemoglobin it puts in your RBC. Unfortunately, for at least one reason, this is not as successful as you might imagine.

Not all of the mercury vapour ends up in your RBC via the lungs. Some is ingested and ends up in your lower intestines where it can interfere with your absorption of iron. This occurs because mercury displaces copper in your intestinal lining which is essential for absorbing iron[9]. So, gradually, you acquire an iron deficiency in addition to the copper deficiency. Iron deficiency results in a microcytosis which further reduces your oxygen levels.

Mercury in the human body damages our cells causing inflammation and resulting in an increased demand for DNA synthesis and repair. If the body cannot detoxify the mercury, then the damage is constantly occurring. Some people have a lower capacity for DNA synthesis than others as a result of genetic polymorphisms associated with a biochemical process known as methylation. If the body's requirements for DNA synthesis exceeds its ability to meet it, the inflammation becomes chronic and the body's ability to remethylate homocysteine to produce methyl groups is compromised which also leads to it entering the methylfolate trap, leading to a build up of 5MTHF causing underlying folate (tetrahydrofolate/THF) and vitamin B12 deficiencies[16]. Since THF and methylcobalamin are required in mitochondria to produce energy, this reduces the metabolism even further. When the metabolism falls below a certain threshold, the low cellular energy levels impair cellular function to the extent that this causes epigenetic changes. My understanding is that those with heterozygous methylation related polymorphisms experience worse effects. Once in this state, serious adverse effects occur such as extremely low neurotransmitter levels, impaired DNA synthesis and repair, macrocytosis, impaired detoxification, impaired immune system, etc.

Once macrocytosis and microcytosis have set in, even if the body manages to adapt to the low oxygen levels by increasing the amount of haemoglobin in the RBC theoretically increasing the amount of oxygen they can carry, this will be much less effective than if the RBC were healthy because macrocytic and microcytic RBC are not flexible and cannot deform in order to enter capillaries carrying oxygen where it is needed. In this state, many people with vitamin B12 deficiency of uknown aetiology report suffering from something they refer to as the "sighs" whereby they have to breathe deeply, periodically in order to get enough oxygen. I did not actually realise that I did this because my condition deteriorated so slowly over so many years that I did not even notice when I began to do it.

How to Diagnose Mercury Poisoning from Cell Histograms

I was fortunate to encounter cell histograms when I paid to see a consultant haematologist at a private clinic. I had never seen one before and did not even know that such things existed. Apparently all automated blood analysers have been able to produce them for at least a decade and I believe that the first analysers capable of producing them became available in 1999. Previously a peripheral blood smear would need to be performed in order to check the morphology of RBC, WBC and platelets. Cell histograms display the red and white blood cell and platelet distributions at a glance. Unfortunately, it seems that few doctors outside of a hospital setting use these histograms to help diagnose their patients. Even fewer doctors seem to understand what they mean in combination with the red cell indices produced by way of diagnosing and treating anaemia or hypoxia.

Automated blood analysers calculate the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) from the haematocrit (HCT) and RBC count which it measures directly from the blood sample. There are a number of manufacturers who make the blood analysers and they use different, patented technologies for determining the volume of a cell.

The platelet and RBC histograms are calculated at the same time and plotted on the same histogram. The two histograms are then displayed separately by splitting it at a point between 25 and 30 fL volume. It is important to note that microcytic RBC may be displayed on the platelet histogram (PH) rather than the RBC histogram (RCH). This is described in the following paper:†Clinical Utility of Blood Cell Histogram Interpretation[21].

I recently discovered a document that details how the blood analyser used by my hospital calculates the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and actually confirms that it is not a mean but, rather, it is an average. I have discussed this with an expert statistician who agrees with me on this. Statistically speaking, the red cell histogram (RCH) of a normal blood sample is Gaussian, i.e. a sharp peak, symmetrical in shape, so the average could be said to be the mean in that case. However, if there are problems with the sample, particularly more than one cell population, then the average will not be the mean. It could be either higher or lower than the mean and provide a misleading picture of the underlying condition of the patient. The blood analyser calculates what are known as red cell indices from the measured values in order to help distinguish such cases.

It is important to note that this document states the following: "The MCH value tends to be proportional to the MCV." In other words, in a normal sample, if the MCV is in the middle-of-the-range, the MCH will be too. This means that if the MCV and MCH diverge, there is an underlying problem that needs investigating because this could suggest that there are macrocytic and microcytic cell populations the average of which is falsely increasing or decreasing the MCV. This is what I discussed in my original Steemit post: How big are your red blood cells? Too big? Too small? Just right? Find out here[20]. In my case, I had a significant macrocytosis and my MCV was reduced to the normal range because it was the average of large and small RBC rather than the true mean. This is the first indication of a problem in my FBC which was not identified and investigated in my sample.

One of the red cell indices calculated by the machine is the red cell distribution width (RDW-SD), which is a measure of how different the volumes of the RBC are. The paper describes the algorithm used: If either tail of the histogram curve fails to extend below a relative height of 20% above the baseline, the RDW value cannot be calculated and will not be displayed. This will alert the operator to the fact that there may be multiple cell populations and that they should investigate.

I obtained a print out of the FBC for one of my tests including the cell histograms which I would like to attach but, unfortunately, it would identify the make of the analyser so I cannot at the moment. The print out does not include ranges but, as usual, the MCH and MCHC are above the top-of-the-range:†for my hospital the MCH range is 27-32 so at 33.5 my MCH is over the top-of-the-range as was usual and my MCHC, range 31.5-34.5, was also over the top-of-the-range at 35.9. The red cell histogram (RCH) appears to show a normal, Gaussian distribution. However, on checking the platelet histogram (PH), it can be seen that there is a small peak above 25-30 fL and the left hand edge of a second peak rising to the right which are clearly microcytic RBC populations. Therefore, my sample is clearly dimorphic and contains at least three differently sized RBC populations. This is the second indication of a problem in my FBC which was not identified and investigated.

It can be seen from the numerical data that the RDW-SD results are displayed, hence the algorithm used by the machine to determine whether or not there is more than one RBC population has failed to identify the multiple cell populations in my sample. Clearly, however, it does display the microcytic RBC populations where it should in the PH. I believe it is illogical that a competent laboratory technician, GP or consultant haematologist should have failed to spot the main issues with my FBC in the 15 or more years they have been testing my blood. Clearly, however, the information which ought to have brought about the necessary investigations to diagnose me were not done. Regardless, it is clear that the algorithm used by the blood analyser failed to identify the multiple cell populations in my sample and erroneously calculated and displayed statistically meaningless RDW values. This is the third indication of a problem with my sample which was not identified and investigated.

It is possible that the RCH is what is known as left shifted which is why the microcytic populations are not visible on the RCH, i.e. they have dropped off the left hand side of the histogram. Apparently the analyser can flag this in some way but this is not described in the document and will require further research. This is the fourth and last example of a problem with my sample I am aware of which was not identified and investigated.

The Correct Diagnosis

The correct diagnosis is that I was suffering from hypoxia as a result of mercury poisoning from dental amalgam. I was, effectively, living my life as though I were breathing the low levels of oxygen a free-climbing mountaineer on Everest would experience. When the body adapts to altitude, it produces RBC containing more haemoglobin. It is crystal clear that that was why my MCH and MCHC were high. Note that my haemoglobin was in the normal range because the microcytic cells could not contain as much haemoglobin as the macrocytic cells and so the average would be reduced. To be clear, the microcytic RBC in this case are substantially smaller than macrocytic RBC given that they did not even fit on the RCH.
Please note that it is possible that other metals, viruses, fungi and other chemicals may enter RBC and bind with haemoglobin causing hypoxia. Aluminium poisoning is known to cause anaemia. This requires further investigation.
Finally, the scientific literature associates iron deficiency with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)[17]. Remarkably, however, they have thus far failed to identify mercury poisoning as a possible cause of the iron deficiency. I received a diagnosis of Adult ADHD in 2010 and I believe that mercury poisoning was the cause. Furthermore, I suspect that it is associated with the severe adverse reaction I had to the smallpox vaccine as a baby in 1968. The metabolic dysfunction mercury causes may also be associated with autism caused by vaccines according to experts.

Yellow Card Report to the MHRA Regarding the Blood Analyser Bug

I was so horrified when I realised that there is a clear bug in the firmware of this particular blood analyser which may well have killed me, that I decided to report it to the UK Government Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency which is the equivalent of the US FDA.

It is possible that, as part of my medical negligence case, I will take action against the manufacturer.
The strange algorithm they use to determine whether or not the blood sample is dimorphic is clearly inadequate. There are very simple and far better means of determining whether there is more than one cell population in the blood sample. It is clearly wrong to print the RDW when there is more than one cell population. In my case, the distribution width is actually enormous and would be massively out-of-range if it were properly calculated alerting the laboratory technician to an extremely serious problem. Instead, they ignored it and that could have killed me.
Hopefully it is obvious why I cannot name the manufacturer. I will need to discuss this with my solicitor once I can afford to pay him again at which point I might be able to name and shame.

My Medical Negligence Case

Obviously my main motivation has been to get to the bottom of what caused my ill-health. My memory problems were the main reason why I ended up unable to work but I also developed physical problems such as very severe back pain which has affected my ability to walk on and off for more than ten years. While the supplements I have been taking improve my back pain to a level where I can walk sufficiently well, things like injectable methylcobalamin and even 5mg folic acid have not always been easy for me to obtain and when I have not been able to take them my condition deteriorates quite markedly. I also suffer from severe metabolic dysfunction, poor motivation and concentration which has made producing this and other documents extremely difficult. I have essentially been trying to produce this document for more than eighteen months. This is the first draft, effectively and I am very unhappy with it and know it needs a lot of work on the references, etc.

I managed to begin a medical negligence case in 2015 but, unfortunately, for some strange reason I was unable to find an expert witness in haematology prepared to act for me. Fortunately, however, I have managed to find an expert witness who recognised the role of mercury poisoning in my case and has indicated that he will be able to produce a report that will ensure a positive outcome. Unfortunately, however, despite having had sufficient savings to live off for roughly 13 years, including a small inheritance from my father, I finally ran out of money in 2018.

I am sure that very many people will benefit from the information in this document. They will find the answer they have been looking for for many years: what caused my vitamin B12 deficiency of unknown aetiology. Many of those people will have had their lives ruined as have I and will be able to sue whoever is responsible for failing to diagnose and treat them for compensation. So, if they find the above information useful they may wish to pay what they feel it is worth at the following link: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/BloodyScandal.

At the moment, my medical negligence case is in limbo because I am unable to pay for the expert witness report. Although I own my own property, I am unable to borrow against it because I have no income. I hope to find a benefactor or benefactors who are sufficiently interested in my case to be prepared to lend me enough money to pay for the legal fees and expert witness report necessary to get it underway. Hopefully, assuming all goes well, I will be able to pay off whatever money I can borrow without the need to sell my property. If you are interested in helping, please contact me at jimherd at protonmail dot com or https://www.twitter.com/bloody_scandal.

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