SLC22-W2 / Branches of Law.

Source

If I talk about two examples each of public law and private law of Pakistan according to what was explained in class then I can share them as:

Public law examples

• If I talk about constitution of pakistan 1973 then this is most important law of the Pakistan country which highlights framework of government, significant rights of citizens of Pakistan as well as relationship among state and their citizens. As this is an example of public law of Pakistan that's why it is governing structure and powers of public institutes that gives surety of accountability and protecting rights of each citizen or individual.

• If I talk about Pakistan penal code 1860 then it's a code criminalising different kinds of offenses like murder, theft as well as treason as well as prescribing penalties to that which was convicted.As it's a public law that's why it's main purpose is for maintaining public order and providing protection to its citizens as well as giving punishments to those that are committing crimes against state or society of Pakistan.

Private law examples

• If I talk about contract act, 1872 then it's a law which is governing contracts among individuals, businesses as well as organizations which are highlighting rights and obligations of parties that are included. As it's a private law that's why it is regulating voluntary agreements among private entities for making sure that there's fairness and regular enforcement of contractual obligations.

• If I talk about transfer of property act, 1882 then it's a law which is dealing with transferring of ownership of that property which is immobile like property in form of land or buildings among private individuals or entities. As it's a private law that's why it is protecting rights of owners of property, regulatory transactions as well as giving surety of smooth transferring of property.

If I talk about two laws of my country Pakistan and I have to categories them under the relevant branches of law then these are below:

Pakistan penal code 1860

• If I talk about Pakistan penal code,1860 then it falls under category of criminal law which is highlighting offenses and prescribing punishments for that who are convicted.If I talk about my reasons of placement of this law under criminal law then there are following reasons:

• This law of Pakistan is defining different crimes like murder, theft as well as treason, and prescribing penalties for each kind of offense.
• This law of Pakistan have it's prime aim for giving punishments to offenders and detering major criminals from committing any kind of criminal action.
• This law of Pakistan is regulating relation among state and its citizens that are highlighting crimes against state, society as well as individuals.

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Contract act 1872

If I talk about contract act, 1872 then it's a law which is governing contracts among individuals, businesses as well as organizations.I am keeping this law under private law category due to following reasons;

• This law of Pakistan is regulating voluntary agreements among private individuals which is highlighting rights and obligations of parties that are involved.
• This law of Pakistan is used for protecting private interests of individuals as well as organizations which gives surety of transparency as well as enforcement of contractual obligations.
• This law of Pakistan is providing a framework for resolution of civil disputes that arises due to contractual disputes.

If I talk about different branches of law which I have learned in this class,from then I find criminal law most interesting because of following reasons:

Reasons for my Interest

• If I talk about criminal law then it is dealing with complicated moral, legal as well as social issues which are all together making it most attractive and interesting for me to explore it.
• If I talk about criminal law then it's playing an important role for maintainence of social order, protection of individuals as well as giving penalties to offenders according to their crime.
• If I talk about criminal law then it is involving one of most comprehensive investigatory procedure that I am finding out most intriguing because it needs to gether evidences,to interview witnesses as well as developing a case as a result.
• If I talk about criminal trials then they may be very intense and dramatic with prosecutors and defense attorneys that are showing their cases and struggling for getting justice.

If I talk about my personal experience then I think nothing is something proper that I can explain but a real-life experience of my friend related to contract law which is a subset of private law I am going to explain here:

Real life case

My friend Ali was a freelance graphic designer that was entered in a contract with his client whose name was john for purpose of designing a logo for his new business which that client have to start so there was a contract stipulated in which my friend Ali have to give final design in time period of two weeks and after delivery of that final design John have to pay $350 to my friend Ali.

Unfortunately,my friend Ali became failed in delivering this final design at due time period so it cited unexpected disputes or issues among them.John on other hand already told Ali(My friend) about launching his business so due to Ali mistake he left with no logo and because of this delay there was significant financial loss he suffered.

Upon that John takes an action against my friend Ali by claiming that it's a breach of contract made between Ali and John.John argued that Ali failure in delivering design at time constituted a breach of agreement occurred among them.

Definitely as a result legally my friend Ali have to pay for damages for contract breach at orders of high authorities and my friend also have to still deliver design work which was part of agreement!

Comparison to contract law

This scenario is illustrating principles of contract law particularly in following ways:

• Ali became failed in delivering design at required time so it was a cause of constitution of breach of agreement happened among them.
• John was entitled for damaging for financial losses he suffered with because of Ali breach.
• Higher authorities ordered my friend Ali from completing design work with originality upon which he agreed.

If I talk about this real life case then it is illustrating that how contact law is providing framework for resolution of disputes or issues which are arising from agreements among parties.

Source

If i talk about my consideration about this real life scenerio then because of following reasons it's a part of contract law:

• If I talk about my first reason of consideration then it was an agreement among Ali and John which were highlighting terms and conditions of designing of work.
• If I talk about Ali failure in delivering design at required time period then it is constituting a breach of agreement decided among them.
• If I talk about another reason then John was entitled for damaging for financial losses through which he suffered because of Ali breach.
• If I talk about another reason then high authorities ruling and giving orders to Ali for giving payment of damages and completing design task is showing all those remedies which are included under contract law.

This scenario is demonstrating in this way that how contract law here is providing a framework for resolution of issues which arise from agreements among parties which gives surety that parties will fulfill their obligations and will also provide remedies for breaches.

I want to invite @sisol,@ahsansharif,@radjasalman to participate