What is the block chain / 区块链是什么(四) -- 公钥 私钥 钱包 比特币之间的关系

刚才说到比特币世界里的公钥和私钥。公钥就是地址，私钥是密码。公钥就是银行卡账号，私钥就是银行卡密码。所谓钱包就是一种电脑软件，它可以帮你生成一系列配套的私钥公钥，你可以随意选择一个公钥作为收款地址，并且使用配套的私钥继续使用它。比特币只有交易记录，所以你的每一个公钥上所谓的余额就是账本上显示的谁向这个地址转账了，私钥作为密码的作用就是可以援引这个公钥的交易记录并对其签名。一个公钥，如果没有私钥与之配套，那就不能对这个公钥进行签名，也就无法发送从这个公钥向外转账的交易记录了。

I just talked about the public and private keys in the bitcoin world. The public key is the address, and the private key is the password. The public key is the bank card account number, the private key is the bank card password. The so-called wallet is a computer software, it can help you generate a series of matching private key public key, you can choose a public key as the receipt address, and use the matching private key to continue to use it. Bitcoin has only transaction records, so the so-called balance on every public key is the transfer of accounts to the address on the account. The function of the private key as a password is to invoke the transaction record of the public key and sign it. If a public key is not matched with the private key, it can not sign the public key, nor can it send the transaction record transferred from the public key.

比特币的公钥是公开的，任何人都可以查看关于这个公钥的所有交易记录。也就可以知道这个公钥有多少“余额”；每一枚比特币原则上是可以跟随其交易记录一直向上追索的。不过这是这比较麻烦的，因为比特币的最小单位是10的-8次方，这个最小单位还有个名字——聪，中本聪的聪。比特币的单位如此小，一枚比特币可能是很多更小数字组成的，比如是0.005 、0.78、0.215之和，所以其来源可能会非常细小，但所有交易记录都摆在这里，谁想去追踪这些所有的细分的来源都没有问题。举个具体的例子，你的某一枚比特币并非是一个人给你转过来的，可能是三个人给你转的，比如张三给你转了0.3个比特币，李四转了0.5个比特币，王二麻子转了0.2个比特币，然后这三者凑成在一起、形成了你手头的这一枚比特币，这些交易记录都是公开的，任何人都是可以检索的。甚至你还可以检索张三转来的那0.3个比特币是谁给他的，反正是可以一直向前追，最终追到中本聪的创始区块。

The public key of the bitcoin is open, and anyone can view all transaction records about the public key. It is also possible to know how many "balances" of the public key; in principle, each bitcoin can be recourse to its transaction records. But this is more troublesome, because the smallest unit of bitcoin is 10 -8 times, and the smallest unit has a name, Cong, Zhong Ben's Cong. Bitcoin unit is so small, a bitcoin is probably a lot smaller numbers, such as 0.005, 0.78, and 0.215, so the source may be very small, but all transaction records are put in place, the source of all who want to go to track these segments are no problem. For example, your a bitcoin is not a person to give you in turn, may be three people to you, such as a three transfer to you 0.3 bitcoin, Li Si turned 0.5 bitcoin, Wang Er Mazi turned 0.2 coins, and then the three who make up a, the formation of the bitcoin youhand, these records are open to the public, anyone can be retrieved. Even you can retrieve the 0.3 bits of money from Zhang three who gave it to him, but you can chase it all the time.

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