An Introduction to Zero-Knowledge Proofs – Two men on an Island - Cryptoadventure.org

Two Men on an Island

Let’s say there are two people, you and me. Both of us are sent on a treasure hunt, on a remote island, miles away from the nearest settlement, with no outside communication. We were each previously handed one part of the means to reach the treasure that lays waiting. I was handed the map to navigate to the treasure and you were given a key to open the chest and lay hands on it. Now, I know that you do not have the map to the treasure hunt, because I have it, and you know that I do not have the key to the door that opens the treasure because you have it.

The difficulty is in the fact that the only way we both reach the treasure is if we mutually come to an agreement and give each other access to what we have. But if neither of us wants to do that because we do not trust the other’s words, how can one prove the existence of the map or the key? How can I prove to you that I have the map, without letting you peek into it to get the treasure on your own and vice versa?

Believe it or not, with a little bit of math, we can actually solve the problem.

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https://cryptoadventure.org/an-introduction-to-zero-knowledge-proofs-two-men-on-an-island/