#You will be surprised to know how diamonds are made under the ground.

Where and how are diamonds mined?

Diamond is the hardest substance in the world. Many hard materials are cut with this stone, but you can cut the diamond yourself with another diamond. This mineral is admired not only for its hardness but also for its beauty. In its chemical composition, diamond is a "close relative" of coal and graphite. It consists of the same chemical component - carbon but differs from the structure of the crystal lattice. For mesh transformation, the conversion of graphite to diamond requires a temperature of 1100 to 1300 degrees Celsius and an atmospheric pressure of about 5000 degrees. Such situations occur at depths of 100 to 200 km.

Diamond deposits: When the gases break through the earth's crust, the volcanic magma rushes to the crack, which carries diamonds from the depths of the earth. Magma solidifies, forming a special kind - kimberlite; a kimberlite pipe appears, tapping from top to bottom. Its diameter can range from 10 to 20 meters, and the area can range from 0.01 to 140 hectares. The initial or initial diamond looks like a deposit.

Kimberlite, like other rocks, is subject to weather and destruction as a result of chemical reactions with water, carbon dioxide and other substances. During the expansion and deepening of the river valleys, broken diamonds from the Kimberlight pipes were captured by the water flow and found at the bottom of the river bed. So diamonds had secondary deposits, called their place.

diamonds were mined only in placers, but now 85% of diamonds are mined in kimberlite pipes. Diamond deposits are found on all continents except Antarctica. However, a piece of a meteorite with diamonds was also found there. Siberia and Africa, in particular, have large diamond deposits.

Diamond mining process:

Diamond mining is a complex and expensive process. It starts with the search for deposits, which takes decades. Once a deposit is found, site preparation begins, subject to certain conditions. Thus, if the Kimberlite pipe is deep underground, the closed underground mines are equipped and if under the sea, special robots are used. Once the site is ready, a rich centre is being set up to deal with diamond extraction from rocks. Diamond mining technology consists of three stages. In the first stage, the ore is crushed and separated by diamond kimberlite and related rocks. This is done directly at the mine with special facilities. In the second stage, the ore is crushed again, the pure diamond kimberlite is arranged in 4 sections depending on the particle size, and the diamond is freed from the rock. This is happening in a factory.