A Dive Into EOS Token Whales - By EOSoCal

in #eos7 years ago (edited)

Here we take a closer look at the top 250 Ethereum wallets holding EOS ERC20 tokens as of March 23, 2018. In this analysis, we aim to identify "whales” (single parties owning a large amount of EOS tokens) by attempting to distinguish “custodial” wallets from those that might be owned by whales. In this approach, we look at the number of EOS transactions (not Ethereum transactions) related to a specific wallet and make the assumption that wallets with a high number of transactions indicate a custodial purpose. In the other hand, wallets with a low number of transactions are assumed to be privately owned by whales.

Disclaimer: This analysis was completed on the basis of publicly available information on ethereum block explorers such as etherscan.io, of which data is highly dynamic in nature. This document contains static data captured at the time of the analysis, which may no longer be current at the time of publishing. This analysis does not account for multiple wallets that may be owned by the same party. This document also contains statements involving uncertainties and assumptions; therefore, information contained herein is strictly for information purposes only.

eos-whales-inforgraphic.png

Approach

Remove All Labeled Wallets

First, the easy part. We located and removed wallets that contain labels identifying them as a custodial or crowdsale wallets.

Labeled Wallets
Note: For full view of table contents, see: https://busy.org/@eos-socal/a-dive-into-eos-token-whales-by-eosocal

Wallet Address# of EOS Tokens% of Total in Circulation# of TransactionsLabel
0xd0a6e6c54dbc68db5db3a091b171a77407ff7ccf153,396,74715.3397%596598Crowdsale
0x3f5ce5fbfe3e9af3971dd833d26ba9b5c936f0be7,287,7360.7288%148592BinanceWallet
0x876eabf441b2ee5b5b0554fd502a8e0600950cfa3,632,4990.3632%60259(Bitfinex_Wallet4)
0x8d12a197cb00d4747a1fe03395095ce2a5cc6819389,5550.0390%31603(etherdelta_2)
0xd551234ae421e3bcba99a0da6d736074f22192ff529,8630.0530%20945(BinanceWallet_1)
0x564286362092d8e7936f0549571a803b203aaced382,3650.0382%17590(BinanceWallet_2)
0x5e575279bf9f4acf0a130c186861454247394c06917,7300.0918%9646(liqui.io_Erc20)

Determining a Threshold Number of Transactions for Assuming Custodial Use

To determine a number of transactions that might indicate a custodial account, we studied the range of EOS transactions within the top 250 wallets based on number of EOS tokens held. We found that the number of transactions jump from 324 to 654 at a given point, making it a good point of separation. Further, the assumption that a privately owned wallet might begin accumulating tokens at the beginning of the crowdsale in June 2017, making daily purchases with the technique of “dollar cost averaging”, would result in approximately 300 transactions, further supporting the threshold as a good separation point.

29 Wallets Assumed to Be Custodial, With 500+ EOS Token Transactions
Note: For full view of table contents, see: https://busy.org/@eos-socal/a-dive-into-eos-token-whales-by-eosocal

Wallet Address# of EOS Tokens% of Total in Circulation# of Transactions
0x174443351e21d47ed9ab51517a301107d92ede6421,381,6532.1382%60137
0xaeec6f5aca72f3a005af1b3420ab8c8c7009bac8530,8000.0531%36957
0x05ee546c1a62f90d7acbffd6d846c9c54c7cf94c10,327,4541.0327%34376
0x236f9f97e0e62388479bf9e5ba4889e46b0273c319,957,7401.9958%22925
0x0681d8db095565fe8a346fa0277bffde9c0edbbf776,1870.0776%22538
0xa30d8157911ef23c46c0eb71889efe6a648a41f72,914,9740.2915%21657
0x22b84d5ffea8b801c0422afe752377a64aa738c217,210,2851.7210%18954
0xc145ea02c5fd577786dc50523b00309c92ca87e2372,1930.0372%8404
0x03747f06215b44e498831da019b27f53e483599f7,904,0400.7904%8173
0x1062a747393198f70f71ec65a582423dba7e5ab311,230,3041.1230%6396
0xf837d6f3175f9df73772fba356f31479e67c1735500,0000.0500%6380
0xadb2b42f6bd96f5c65920b9ac88619dce4166f9410,255,3601.0255%6173
0xab5c66752a9e8167967685f1450532fb96d5d24f6,186,3770.6186%6061
0xeee28d484628d41a82d01e21d12e2e78d69920da2,965,3580.2965%6054
0x46705dfff24256421a05d056c29e81bdc09723b8438,7750.0439%5998
0xe93381fb4c4f14bda253907b18fad305d799241a3,127,8270.3128%5941
0xfa4b5be3f2f84f56703c42eb22142744e95a2c581,063,8550.1064%5902
0x6748f50f686bfbca6fe8ad62b22228b87f31ff2b3,332,1240.3332%5865
0x5c985e89dde482efe97ea9f1950ad149eb73829b5,094,9300.5095%5781
0x99fe5d6383289cdd56e54fc0baf7f67c957a8888629,2990.0629%5477
0x4d468cf47eb6df39618dc9450be4b56a70a520c1354,7130.0355%5201
0xfdb16996831753d5331ff813c29a93c76834a0ad1,372,2250.1372%4541
0xe3031c1bfaa7825813c562cbdcc69d96fcad2087924,5420.0925%3944
0xf4b51b14b9ee30dc37ec970b50a486f37686e2a845,848,4314.5848%3855
0x68c41a0bbe7c936f68764f01b170154b657a194c638,0630.0638%3141
0xfcfd79309b3510bf7f884d8177382b27693533d1710,8940.0711%1775
0xfe5854255eb1eb921525fa856a3947ed2412a1d77,603,7040.7604%802
0xa12431d0b9db640034b0cdfceef9cce161e62be42,997,2840.2997%726
0xfe9e8709d3215310075d67e3ed32a380ccf451c840,284,4514.0284%654

Identify and Isolate the Whales

Out of the top 250 wallets in terms of token holdings, the following 214 wallets involve 324 or less transactions and are assumed to be owned by Whales.

Note: We assume that the wallet address “0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000b1” containing 100 million tokens is reserved for block.one based on the following FAQ section here: https://eos.io/faq.htm

“100,000,000 EOS (10% of the total amount of EOS Tokens to be
distributed) will be reserved for block.one and cannot be traded or
transferred on the Ethereum network.”

Although this wallet may be custodial in nature, we include it as a “whale” under the assumption that beneficiaries of these tokens will involve a limited number of founders.

214 Wallets Assumed to be Whales Based with 324 or Less EOS Transactions
Note: For full view of table contents, see: https://busy.org/@eos-socal/a-dive-into-eos-token-whales-by-eosocal

Wallet Address# of EOS Tokens% of Total in Circulation# of EOS Transactions
0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000b1100,000,00010.0000%1
0x88e343f4599292c2cffe683c1bb93cd3480bdbab40,000,0004.0000%4
0xca99c5b6c54c74e7c362d11a9395e897e2d6498215,000,0011.5000%2
0xf23221e40732b34d84db1d30da95367a160da09010,300,4001.0300%21
0x7d820e9c7c655e588715bb3b3cafff58c58c761d8,931,4030.8931%56
0x1c11ba15939e1c16ec7ca1678df6160ea2063bc57,036,9570.7037%68
0x2cf00fb28d3bc7bbe3ddcb464407370ae18dd9e35,665,0250.5665%27
0x5085c06868fa68e752f7fff3cbc11bf724241d7d5,095,6440.5096%310
0x61c808d82a3ac53231750dadc13c777b59310bd94,000,0000.4000%36
0x9383983fc9b283b51b2147785cba047006d322f03,720,0000.3720%1
0x0aaca9876ec3fe0245daec6b17c52786800ebb7b3,286,0420.3286%1
0x6dde928226f1bccf0932396c7f8501c61c04577a3,270,7330.3271%1
0x178a1df87f32dc58914f6f3b10a24672b797dd3f3,148,1770.3148%4
0x1fbf174c074f04897fe2042b7599b0211c3790482,993,1440.2993%78
0xeec3918d1e2913c724cf3b699162b98d35a2d1292,915,4170.2915%9
0x072fd7552cc87efedd3de5ee11eb8df241caa3ef2,856,1760.2856%4
0xa17688349750954506ed2429b7e09cc83fa79a9a2,835,1670.2835%8
0x4eb0ed48cf2d5f62ebe3c42fe2fc1cdd3a5354402,828,6990.2829%37
0xd47029be58c4fdbf78a7aac5334c6605d0ff47312,790,8060.2791%10
0xa6ea4abe92dfcd48c787e6a371054745bd12c1182,754,0650.2754%75
0x08ac9dfd6b618b20d139eb68be4b597d9aa808492,562,5150.2563%12
0x27392740a970dee738cbe03a79a105bcb55248c92,500,0000.2500%4
0x15ab2321d7e83d00c015048b567f4f6aadc1b0222,450,6280.2451%1
0x9adf5079abf6757acb36216c7c44399090d70f872,283,1950.2283%8
0x91136d2250fef45d08d3e34bf9e450a7067456d72,093,7340.2094%8
0x4752218e54de423f86c0501933917aea08c8fed52,093,0500.2093%166
0xeb68aa2764b4a9a943658b2e61db4c902b2ebf852,014,0650.2014%9
0xa27b29df3664fe34a8d942477a8e1279ba0faca72,000,6680.2001%8
0x72c683fdddc27575343edc84069f40db24e4b0a41,957,8380.1958%8
0x2069fcf4b950039a6af59d551b9a3abe81a8a6291,914,9190.1915%8
0x4efd35e6668339e983134a1d214bdce0f785abb11,914,7040.1915%8
0x79e7ccb8e7a61ad4781c98864c40e380bb10dd261,909,2570.1909%1
0x3e97f00c7b4ed9ecfd237a33eea5b81ce015d1741,788,8320.1789%9
0x53a4fe5c17617a2990798a9c0485789990c363f21,752,0320.1752%7
0xbff11baa8efb36e7ef72ec63b022c015553833991,709,9510.1710%7
0x9d3319b7f704eadb0dfbdbffb73fd4c36af0e0b31,608,4320.1608%8
0x102732759f5d132df1423218258f320ffa0cc3e41,528,8550.1529%8
0xc0387ffbf3013f6663f1631baa5e93e0f99d1f2c1,528,5110.1529%198
0x6c5fcb0770eb0f859bf557f61f8d2fcba47aa0371,500,0000.1500%2
0x167c94ef8ab94d95db3f6064e1b7c4ce4cd35a141,488,2910.1488%8
0x3f1a1bfec40488a218809a8d57183e60373212421,485,5540.1486%77
0xc65c7d82636c53d132ce821a8270452f458257b71,442,9110.1443%3
0x9a6c150b8f9784779fde6e383c865a4ba4bdbe771,431,7930.1432%4
0x1961957dccf75873bf4c06e9cd283426c9c7bba71,410,0550.1410%22
0x8c1401b00f4ce82409fcc117cbc1b6d4ed81b2851,402,0680.1402%28
0x94d139eb8b8af5e2ddf4a066b42d2eb388d51e181,389,1960.1389%8
0xb32c3c15d9f9ac1e48bf839317055066dae9798d1,388,7160.1389%15
0x505145a011b6f3c0b683d7e737f332226ddbc65a1,387,0610.1387%8
0xed0245c53f69ebccdab3e39cf0013161a67bf2961,378,2350.1378%13
0x1d73fe12a16f0299c1c9a01f324f7f37a34cca451,315,3510.1315%8
0xcfdb636f3b32f1269b11a0f8c7a9a7c1cfaad22e1,280,8980.1281%8
0xb0986404f5ba0cbde269720bbfc29b7a3584e00d1,245,5050.1246%6
0x698290d3becb95c7e36eb0ba3dbb3bb03c3a0fb31,187,9570.1188%8
0x8193c2b585f3de9f0b54179351d3e31ad18377e81,187,0400.1187%216
0x65be133061cc0fc452348662f772c76794a073531,160,0810.1160%14
0x474edd23953d233470e70c636ee7f3669df3b3af1,119,8510.1120%33
0xeb1ef4a298c1d374500da98fdd2d67aa9bcfbcb31,089,7580.1090%51
0x3af14562b25f8840985bef29d001721359fe8b291,063,5530.1064%69
0xd1f7ba51a0792719bfaad36d5401f9211ecd59131,050,0000.1050%70
0x3469134bfd19534269d4d4a77706581089d56be81,007,7330.1008%4
0xe6a90d437e9e63c9a1df4207ebc6cb82c686680c1,006,1270.1006%2
0x1869e05f92ba2e0d71e9da71713c8672a18ea9231,000,1290.1000%15
0x2177901639d0c059cd48c4304700af4b4c23c2b61,000,0000.1000%3
0x3c4ced4469fce7304209731f79c2d26b1271df451,000,0000.1000%1
0x14910e86abe5c76216c1f69c01c2add09971dc511,000,0000.1000%1
0xcd61a4bbaea9ba5c6cdb60abd83397532d928cc71,000,0000.1000%1
0xd2e196d609677e9d9cdff750ff32f879146d5ded972,2700.0972%4
0x387fc6939b5e54b2f11793df05388f9d11942948959,0000.0959%5
0xe2dd88165572932944ba72ab6ed143f9a9855a81950,0000.0950%121
0xa7ccf54292b345e120b348367396e9b6ce43059b949,5020.0950%1
0xd3f3e94ab5160019ac10286d26ae0c508ab73e47915,9070.0916%7
0xb67cffd9dbe8bd8855fe2fbea58ecf5bee6fff2d899,9810.0900%15
0x0477a7b828c45a6585e6a6f1a2516959a5414f06891,3890.0891%1
0x59b681402bcb2c8460a506a88d75be1cf1326528889,8350.0890%3
0x453a90be5e1486db4a5605f7e8430073dd1d812f880,0000.0880%3
0x2c49b01a5e1f4d48a84a7eb6c34b1aa42bacad13870,7150.0871%5
0xb43eae4bb250b9d3c7a8d3421373c218c5447f9f851,1450.0851%18
0xd6b839123f0032fe046ffa3ba0b30f8bad015416850,6820.0851%26
0x36997278fe6ceaffbd4e2bcdfc5ae4e2e9008da8817,5200.0818%119
0xf02006a1d87172110c7e2a4272a84bd5797bcf17800,0000.0800%9
0x9c00c631b36ba5d93ed8f5279a4c55e6c2ba7c66766,9860.0767%2
0x7ec335b1cc137327ce136abd82fc93187107ab5b752,8700.0753%20
0xae85964fd1571691e6a1771400c11ca4ddb82cdd744,8140.0745%7
0xbe46e7f02994dbf65c06a2e0035af5a552420480735,0040.0735%17
0x131b3e88e71e56713013a3c770753aa7578e8f84734,5760.0735%8
0x00f9a5f124bb580c1aa4587a35e8cc116d648882715,6950.0716%5
0x04b2986ceb58f87ae37267d36d666a1fc4894900706,7550.0707%106
0x11c993a1c69aa0fae44e392b4719295a2ef12db5654,7280.0655%82
0x2f9146a48c33b63677752ac16c9fc8f507180731653,5790.0654%324
0xc065cc8732b3193ded47642b750f6777c3c6a9da652,9420.0653%40
0xcfa414a0533f8a29decd72b5c5bd8e05377d41fa641,7810.0642%12
0x592e47f315e3bb17c81a93a3f32c1b008d6373a1626,8150.0627%23
0xed6fe5687f5b3b571a49398c797ffbeb8f306b76623,1000.0623%8
0x2474df399c1670223325cd07d64341e940416cf3620,0000.0620%4
0x3ec693b07b59712822f655d1693474c8ba8e5426612,3100.0612%11
0x2e84999fe07807eebf1961373176d1923ff992bd609,5810.0610%2
0x01aee6219dabc3a68b10b5c2203da85d51ecb16f601,1120.0601%1
0x9cfb9ce2a8b09b7e4d58a454f3c49ace2ea47c24600,4960.0600%28
0x27eb5a12d852c5096284525abc7c6c6bbec302a4600,0010.0600%24
0x0ce885c793d3a9b0f3e0e4c73d452c81d28e975d600,0000.0600%4
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0xefa3e1c6e4814ff507934c0af418a94522df0a8c578,9760.0579%1
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0xeba99790196b777b31d3ad0553c744d2303c8ee1548,4860.0548%90
0xe5052bcef45ae5e10c9affad5d10eae52be5aac4543,0290.0543%27
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0x2421550c599663c6e4551b8ba36fdbb904b4f0b7532,8870.0533%63
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0xf94a26c6e7414e46fe1706b5de65eb62573f8c7b476,5270.0477%1
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0xbfffe15ef75b58cee001f8fe9bc1ee44e97727b2457,2570.0457%23
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0x7295e87b964246050b58a4fcaa060d2e088e673c401,4230.0401%18
0xbd7d6353b65acbcc8f4c12110dea7b6caacb1026400,0230.0400%10
0xd7bbbca74a1d02d95167d810ed7abcd6f3e5b564390,0000.0390%17
0x5f2516499e962587e4bffb7de340d96f35226ef4389,4560.0389%63
0xc4cff9ef57da4698be1fa1175153c71a4e6f1a16387,5030.0388%1
0xf0d85814abed9702f0f032a7b38f4b514ccbecbe387,0240.0387%7
0x73e92b80593e16c30e389949ede1851b362c01f0384,5870.0385%21
0xace1bac08a3d19932b603795f823e0af486435c5375,8580.0376%39
0xa9a455d88478a74bd83abb0a5d7f6832090d406b370,3060.0370%2
0x9b42b9baace30b148b86ccb9ff97db875ccff6c1368,5500.0369%320
0x0ab0b70f1ba55343c3412f60d6b7626642cf0911368,3630.0368%17
0xde5d21c6e029a7f738d3a908b953dc176da80b1f366,3230.0366%5
0x9f74d8634b5176f75e56d9844093c12679a053ee366,1250.0366%19
0x00b1f9ce60d2c7cb3c6a061360bfeba4bca68f85365,3640.0365%2
0x29c1d1a3b170ea2a1fc072e62db988c0dda7567b361,5530.0362%137
0x7f8df6723d41cad47866ac19717977947b873007361,2900.0361%11
0xfe2bf543adcc235db779251f61e0a24933ba023d351,0180.0351%4
0xf3a179c63ce8b9517a1823748e6cc167c0766d88350,7470.0351%87
0x1fadf35b65578dead8ac649763889e8558bc90e7350,0600.0350%3
0x2b3d788c65c8d67391647e89788729b3559d8a70347,1960.0347%9
0x2ab9eb36eac8c3b469fd5d61746a48278eebf986341,9250.0342%3
0x70dd77fc5a8d743eb55ee27c72e167ce1f17d409341,8880.0342%23
0x1541caef7783890fc2c852d2d2079e43977dae84338,6980.0339%11
0x44aeefd40b81ae2de63753e5fc4ebe35e08dab37333,1140.0333%2
0x07f195466598ab08a4fe76bcddf9641de51c7f19332,9110.0333%5
0xdbe0096c19607f00cb30e643c2c2223292daa640332,3860.0332%9
0x371fd266321e72bc13cdd4cac6fb8df72080007d330,3580.0330%150
0xea6c1e6093834d565cbba3953e8fabfbd2bd2c54327,4750.0327%28
0xddb231a5b2ea7502e091b28a660c9b81b0be6b48326,2350.0326%50
0xfbebd89aa186ccf6494cb9cb85161e656c34f8b2322,1340.0322%62
0x95063c7eb95962c2ff6042866c4f3f9aa6698950321,9830.0322%2
0xc453221d14b5c0a65b90e3c61d2b50a7f29331ef314,5730.0315%48
0x739f84fc91e18d0954f8516afc444518ba104d26314,3330.0314%13
0x74acf7b8780ca464a2f5f6b71fa767f89545131d309,9900.0310%26
0xc6c9536881a769945226162170709beaf7e9dca8307,6620.0308%29
0x25392bf0d1c5066afd85e41cce9042714dcc7892306,3970.0306%52
0x585dc654e80aba0fc21f252825e1e98f10d8e65f306,2840.0306%42
0x953acf503952df47b39deff04c03c8aad839ccf8304,7700.0305%1
0x88ee8303aa04b89c0329cb461473f3ddeaeecef8303,9500.0304%52
0xfd4eca7cb2bbcf0e7020a0d2bbe7ede6209048c6302,7360.0303%20
0x134dfece9dcb6a4fcb92537c3b22124cd13f8e0a301,6420.0302%53
0x89749d327d2f09ba9388377304c881e7adf9d105301,5170.0302%9
0xe88c241c59b8291927e4f508963c05ccccdadf2b300,0000.0300%64
0x303f6d2f4c5408f7bea6cd34dae536281c672173298,8650.0299%23
0x82991295d3042d184f314797763612390d983571286,4730.0286%85
0x7bb42206cddc93380ed1115d15fb1e65a1d754fc286,1100.0286%8
0xe62ab484569e0e2abbe6688eeea7a8ce0810d550283,6030.0284%19
0x7079482015733e49a65355c7137025416765e077282,1950.0282%2
0x7061b505d457ebf30f5ba06a6ef15e77ad0ddae5278,2490.0278%10
0xd87c3900a585227191bf2574b846b7d4c5a4e635278,1310.0278%25
0xf6ae888a62166b763fae9d83e5661de8da2ff8ef277,7100.0278%1
0x2c35d377eeb5bea52586b7954cf80eb7dc7e60a4277,6420.0278%114
0xde53121b0c372951a566a2e530741f1465584532276,6300.0277%1
0xb77bd9fc4830a801d42bcd3ffdf2f8c079ecbe28273,3460.0273%5
0x76f4676ff0da52756990c3cc0b7c46b814c25a52273,0110.0273%99
0xd7e48b46d08b424ee9f9ef93a6c7a832191cb46e271,8130.0272%7
0xb20e956782ccaced5b74067e892919c0bb1057eb269,2960.0269%16
0x06c68d04aaaf5da137d4a3be785d388bab9f5c23265,9250.0266%39
0x57d35aa5127cf562fe1d59bc35c45c9290381e6f263,9920.0264%12
0xb0861f62ce25a72af134ec0ad689679d08e94cdf260,9950.0261%316
0xb7280e4d42121d3662101a745c37ae1d1120be16260,3750.0260%10
0x670dc2f07c481051424d9a64af4ec2a1d08f16ef260,1920.0260%3
0x59c1a8c28d3cb49ea7d8e21ec3b392d680f503a8257,8080.0258%212
0xbf61a993e390f3509dd0db2a1fe8a014d51172b0256,3280.0256%27
0x841bb01bccd414841f659ae40c96fd7a774cee3e255,1510.0255%18
0x8dbcb15c0baf08d0856105a372f1ae5ec4e28eb1253,2820.0253%12
0xcf6d48aa6cc81780727fa1e93c5d581f8f16c04d251,4980.0251%123
0xeac048dc2fcc4482fd37271a3c84b8a94b869da9250,0110.0250%2
0x9cf837cbdf088c6fb2e0ffd8cc2571eab9710c95250,0000.0250%8
0xb62d8eec62046f6e44e2e5b064439107bab19ea0249,5650.0250%17
0x03c71335b8802ddf005f22c23a28e8bb4c62d489244,6500.0245%162
0x3fb695a1b8bc5ea18d8a4811eb514a7e17d80695243,4320.0243%17
0x7d33712b2b4bd696307871f1d8b96eac061f9090239,2550.0239%2
0xac5fe58011cd4063f73b31e9a4e1b3441a5ad9c1237,9050.0238%2
0x4e279732f1104af0e7c9b225b649d3d0cb172562237,7730.0238%53
0x1e17c565fbcfe4dd9c789429d0606a851a391b99235,0000.0235%42
0xa5a99a77ee92ee0d76a15f70e730159e8f55922c232,8460.0233%23
0x7fa6edd2ef2cb798ce8c6f5bd6d8371e02e30138225,0040.0225%1

Conclusion

The largest whale (excluding the block.one wallet, which we expect will be further distributed) holds 40MM tokens, approx. 4% of the total distribution, making EOS tokens fairly distributed based on the assumptions made in this analysis. The EOS token distribution structure created provides a sufficient period of time for people to participate, having successfully resulted in a wide distribution.

EOSoCal is a proud EOS block producer candidate. To learn more about our organization, visit https://eosocal.io

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Wallets =! people.
Case closed :)

Thanks for the info...

Great investigation, thank you ! Thierry

Wow! this is an amazing procedure. i was wondering what made you to even think of this investigation but i can eos as part of your username. You must be one hell of EOS lover. Anyways, I just saw my wallet in top 10, lol

One hell of an EOS lover indeed! Thanks for reading.

Excellent research, thank you!

Interesting statistics. I wonder how big changes will be in the following two months.

Wallets != people.
As with Bitcoin. You can never really know how many people hold how many tokens.

That's an epic info graphic. I'd love to see it down to lower levels. I wonder if there's any easy way to do this?