EOSUnion| Why does BM want to introduce UBI? 确认过眼神，UBI就是BM要找的“人”

eosunion (41)in #eos • 6 years ago (edited)

For EOS, I have always had this feeling: it is not a currency, but a political (management) governance. Its essence is a political autonomy attempted by a distributed organization under anarchy. Especially BM has repeatedly discussed the concept of UBI in the telegram group lately, and after the introduction of UBI into EOS governance, this feeling has become more and more strong.

It prompted me to understand UBI and find out the reasons why EOS introduced UBI, so today I will start to talk about my understanding on UBI and hope that more community friends will join in the discussion.

01 What is UBI?

UBI, Universal Basic Income, means the government provides a fixed allowance for each citizen regardless of their needs, employment status or skill level. It is not a new thing created by BM, but a kind of experiment of national welfare policy, which aims to ensure people's basic survival.

At present, countries including Canada, Germany, Switzerland and Finland, have launched the “Universal Basic Income” experiment, which has aroused widespread concern and discussion.

Supporters believe that the Universal Basic Income can greatly promote economic development, eliminate poverty, and give people more time to relax and pursue their dreams. However, Critics describe it as a wealth distribution scheme, arguing that those who work harder and earn more are actually being forced to “be punished”, as the value they create is used to support people who are not working, and it will make people lose the motivation to work, but encourages indolence and laziness essencially.

There is still so much controversy about UBI under the implementation of a national system. Will it make a great improvement after being introduced into the EOS system?

02 Introducing UBI to EOS, what is it intended?

(1) UBI found new use for the issuance of unallocated EOS
The UBI funds in the national system come from the citizen tax, and where does the UBI funds in the EOS system come from? According to BM's recent statement, the funds are likely to come from the 4% of EOS that are issued but not allocated each year (currently unused in the eosio.saving account).

In fact, as early as the beginning of August this year, BM submitted a smart contract code, hoping to cancel the 4% bonus of the additional issuance (Note: the upgrade of the smart contract requires more than 15 BPs vote approved to be effective). He said at the time: "If the community wants to have such inflation in the future, it can be achieved. But now it only produces a lot of idle EOS tokens, which is unnecessary work."

In just a month, BM’s attitude towards the 4% bonus has changed greatly. People are curious about its reasons, which actually has already revealed clues in the discussion of telegram groups, i.e., REX.

Let’s review REX at first, which is a token in the EOS rental system, mainly to solve the problem of resource shortages in EOS accounts and ineffective user voting.

When the UBI system is introduced, each EOS account can receive 4% additional bonuses, which means that the user has more account resources available, and it is a good news for a large number of retail investors, because they do not have to worry too much about account resources. At the same time, in order to obtain additional revenue, the user will use the received UBI reward to purchase REX, which will drive the node to vote (in order to purchase REX, the account must set up and maintain a proxy or at least vote for 21 BPs).

(2) EOS can liberate the implementation of UBI from the centralization mechanism

According to Andy Stern, the advocate of UBI, the fact that “give money to everyone” does not necessarily lead to a decrease in people’s motivation and enthusiasm, which leads to “raising the lazy man”. The key is that this concept will only cover everyone’s “basic income”, but people will not be satisfied with basic income, so they will continue to work.

From the existing small-scale experiments, the implementation of the UBI policy has many benefits, and "raising the lazy" does not necessarily occur. But during this experiment, we found that UBI's advantages have not been fully realized, because it is more or less affected by limited centralized government agencies and national politics.

How to solve this affect? I think the best way is to use the blockchain technology to liberate the implementation of UBI from the authority. And among all the current public chains, only EOS has the ability to conduct UBI experiments and has a good change to achieve success.

And this is exactly the original intention of BM to create EOS: "I want to create a system that gives us freedom in a non-violent way. Then I set a goal for my life to provide a solution for the free market, thus ensuring Freedom of life and property."

(3) UBI may bring a new way of project crowdfunding
We all know that 4% of the additional EOS was originally allocated to the WPS (Worker Proposal System) to reward work proposals that benefit the community, with the aim of becoming a source of funding for community-driven innovation to help develop the EOS eco. The emergence of UBI is equivalent to taking the food from the WPS. In this way, who will provide funding for innovative projects?

Although UBI replaces WPS, it can still be a source of seed funding for some excellent projects, for each UBI reward recipient can provide UBI funding for other UBI reward recipients.

For example, if a project team initiates crowdfunding, then all UBI reward recipients can choose whether to invest in this part of UBI rewards based on their own judgment on the potential of the project. This will be a huge benefit for quality projects, retail investors and EOS eco.

Of course, if UBI is to be applied to the EOS system, there are still many problems to be solved, such as identity system issue, "raising the lazy" issue, community consensus issue, etc. Welcome to join us in EOSUnion Telegram group, and together we can brainstorm some great ideas to solve the problems. Look forward to discussing with you on UBI issues.

确认过眼神，UBI就是BM要找的“人”

对EOS，我一直有这种感觉：它玩的不是货币，而是政治（人治）治理，其本质就是一个无政府管制下的分布式组织的政治自治尝试。特别是近期，BM在电报群中反复讨论到UBI这个概念、意将UBI引入EOS治理后，自己的这种感觉就愈发强烈了。

它促使我去了解UBI，去了解EOS引入UBI的原因所在，所以今天我先抛砖引玉，谈谈自己的理解，也希望更多的社区朋友加入一起交流讨论。

01 什么是UBI？

UBI（Universal Basic Income），即全民基本收入，是指在不考虑每个人的需求、就业状况或者技能水平的情况下，政府为每位公民提供固定的津贴。但它并非BM创造的新鲜事，而是国家福利政策的某种试验，旨在保证人们的基本生存。

目前，包括加拿大、德国、瑞士和芬兰等国家已经启动了“全民基本收入”试验，并引发了人们的广泛关注和讨论。

支持者认为，全民基本收入能够大幅促进经济发展、消除贫困，让人们有更多时间放松休闲、追求梦想。而批评者则将它描述为一种财富分配方案，认为那些更努力、挣得更多的人其实是在被迫“受罚”，因为他们创造的价值被用来供养不工作的人了，而且它会让人们失去工作的动力，实质在变相地鼓励好逸恶劳。

一个国家体系施行下的UBI尚且存在如此多争议，难道将它引入到EOS体系会有很大改善吗？

02 将UBI引进EOS，意欲何为？

（1）UBI为增发未分配的EOS找到了新用途
国家体系中的UBI资金从公民税收中来，那EOS体系中的UBI资金又从来而来呢？按照BM最近的说法，这笔资金很可能来自每年增发但未分配的4%的EOS（目前存于eosio.saving这个账户中未被动用）。

其实早在今年8月初，BM就曾提交智能合约代码，希望取消增发的4%的奖励（注：智能合约的升级需要超过15个BP投票同意，才可生效）。他当时表示：“如果社区将来希望有这种通胀，它可以实现。但是现在它只是生产了大量的闲置EOS代币，这是不必要的工作。”

短短月余时间，BM对增发4%的奖励的态度就发生了如此大的翻转，实在让人好奇个中原因。而这个原因，其实在电报群讨论中早已露出端倪，就是REX。

我们先回顾下REX，它是EOS租赁体系中的一种代币，主要是为了解决EOS账户资源紧张以及用户投票不积极两大问题而出现的。

当引入UBI制度后，每个EOS账户都能获得4%增发的奖励，这也意味着用户可支配的账户资源更多了，对于大量散户来说是一个利好，因为他们不用过分担心账户资源紧张的问题；同时，用户为了获得额外收益，会将收到的UBI奖励用于购买REX，从而带动节点投票（为了购买REX，账户必须设定和维护一个投票代理或者至少投票给21个节点）。

（2）EOS可以将UBI的实施从中心化机构中解放出来
在“UBI”理念提倡者安迪·斯坦恩（Andy Stern）看来，“全民发钱”并不必然会导致人们工作动机和热情降低，从而导致“养懒汉”，关键就在于这一理念只会覆盖每个人的“基本收入”，但人是不会满足于基本收入的，因此仍然会继续工作。

而从已有的小范围实验来看，实行UBI政策，“养懒汉”并不必然会发生，反而有不少好处。但在这个实验过程中，我们发现UBI的优势并未得到完全发挥，因为它或多或少会受到有限制的中心化政府机关和国家政治的影响。

那该怎么解决这一影响？我认为最好的方法就是运用区块链技术，将UBI的实施从权威机构中解放出来，而放眼目前所有公链，有能力进行UBI实验且获得成功的莫过于EOS了。

而这也恰恰符合BM创建EOS的初衷：“我想创建这样的一个系统，通过非暴力的方式给予我们自由。然后我就给我的人生设置了一个目标，为自由市场提供解决方案，从而保证生命和财产的自由。”

（3）UBI可能带来一种新的项目众筹方式
我们都知道，增发的4%的EOS原本是分配给WPS（工作者提案系统）用于奖励给对社区有益的工作提案，旨在成为社区促进创新的资金来源，以帮助发展生态系统。而UBI的出现，相当于是从WPS“虎口夺食”，如此一来，谁来给创新项目提供资金来源呢？

虽然UBI替代了WPS，但它依然可以成为一些优秀项目种子资金的来源，因为每一个UBI奖励接受者都可以为其他UBI奖励接受者提供UBI资助。

比如有一个项目团队发起众筹，那么所有的UBI奖励接受者都可以根据自己对这个项目潜力的判断，选择是否将自己获得的这部分UBI奖励投资出去，这对于优质项目、散户投资人以及EOS生态来说都将是一个巨大的好处。

当然，UBI 要真正应用到EOS体系中，还是存在不少待解决的问题，如身份系统问题、“养懒汉”问题、社区共识问题等，欢迎加入我们一起讨论，期待在UBI 问题讨论上与大家碰撞出更多的火花。

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6 years ago in #eos by eosunion (41)

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