SLC21/WK2: Mastering CPR | A Comprehensive Guide to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

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It is very important that whenever we are in danger, we need to always practice CPR because it helps to put the person in safe condition before further treatment arrived. As I was not able to get a mannequin, I make use of the pillow to explain the step by step of the CPR which is below;

• Step 1: Assess the Situation and Check Responsiveness

I make use that I did not forget about the lessons taught in the last class. The first thing I did is to make sure that the environment is safe from further Hazard because the environment needs to be safe for the person to carried out CPR so that there will not be further danger.

What I do next is tp check the person Responsiveness. Like I said, the pillow represents the human being and so I make use to gently tap the person Shoulder. In a bid to check the person's Responsiveness, I make sure that I speak or speak louder to the person like kind of. "Are you there" "Hope you are okay". All these statements will help me to check the person responsiveness. Why I check out this step is to make sure that the person is still responsible for the CPR to be carried out.

• Step 2: Call for Help

Then the next step I follow is to make sure I call for help. I reach out to my phone to make an emergency call most especially when I noticed that I am not getting response. If I notice that I am still checking out the person's condition, I make sure that I call someone by the way to make the call while i continue to assess the person's condition.

• Step 3: Check for Breathing and Open the Airway

The next thing I do is to make sure that I check the person breathing and how I do that is to make sure I put my head close to the person head also. As you can see in the picture below. Then I gently place a hand on their forehead also.

Then I begin to listen for their breathing and how I do that is putting my head close to their chest. I try to listen to their breathing soun, breathing frequency and much more. In this situation, it is roughly 10 seconds. Why I am doing this step is to make sure the person breathing is still flowing in as it ought to be.

• Step 4: Begin Chest Compressions

Then the next thing I make sure that I do is to begin chest Compression. For many of us, we might just be hearing about Chest Compression for the first time but I am actually going to explain.

How I do that is to gently place my hand on the person chest. Then I make sure that my arms are actually straight while doing that and then with my hand, I gently push down then hard. While I am carrying out this step is to ensure that blood are been pumped to the necessary vital part of the body.

• Step 5: Give Rescue Breaths

This is the last step. If I notice that the person breathing is really poor, the next thing I make sure I do is to actually give something called rescues Breaths.

But just a note, rescue Breath should be given if you are trained to do so. How I do that is to first pinch the person nose then I make sure that their mouth is in contact with my own mouth and then I breath gently from my mouth to their mouth.

These are the steps by step procedure I will follow for the CPR to be carried out on the Patient.

After carrying out the steps of the CPR on a pillow. I make sure I engage one of my friends and lecture him about CPR and even show him about the lecture as you can see in the picture he was going through the lecture.

In the discussion session with them, I talked to them about what it means, the concept, the importance and also the steps involved if CPR wants to be carried out.

On to the next. I will be talking extensively on how we can perform CPR on both pregnant lady, an obsessed people and also a weak elder people. Even though all of them are individuals but we need to understand that due to the conditions they find themselves, the way we will carry out CPR on each of them differs.

Let me start with the Pregnant Woman.

1. CPR for a Pregnant Woman

When it comes to carrying out CPR for a pregnant woman, we need to give more care because of their condition and one of the ways is their blood flow that involves both the mother and also the fetus. I will be showing the step by step below;

• The first is to focus on the Positioning. Make sure that you are performing CPR on the pregnant woman as she is positioned on the left side so that the blood flow to the heart is moving smoothly.

• The next to focus on is what I called the compression. You make sure you carefully perform chest Compression as you put one hand on the center of the chest as you gently press down.

• The next to focus on is the Airway and the breathing and how you can do it is by giving something called the rescue Breath after you have done around 30-35 compression.

• Then the last step is to call emergency services so that you can let them know about the pregnant woman who needs specialised treatment further.

2. CPR for an Obese Individual

When talking about the CPR to be done for an obese Individual, we need to put in CPR modifications also because their body size is much more larger. These are also the steps by steps below

• The first is the Positioning also. You make sure the person is on a flat surface so that the compression you want to do will be easy on them.

• Then you carry out something called the Chest Compression. Chest Compression is carried out by you putting your hand on the center of the chest also and pressing down with your both hands as you make sure that your elbow is in a locked position.

• Make Sure that the depth for your compression is like 2 Inches. This is required because of the person's body mass which is more large due to the fact that they are obese.

• The last way you could make sure you pay attention to which your Airway Management. I recommend you use something called the bag valve mask as you wait for specialized personnel to arrive.

3. CPR for Weak or Elderly People

The last one I will be talking about is for the Elderly Person. When it comes to Elder people, we need to put into consideration that their bone is not as strong as a very young individual because it can easily break if not careful handled. These are also the steps by step below;

• The first is what I called the chest Compression. You make sure that you put one of your hand at the center of their center and use the other hand for the compression process so that rib fractures will not happen.

• You make sure that you minimise Injury Risk and how you can also do that is to carry out the compression steadily and gently.

• Breathing Assistance is also needed so in some cases you can give them rescue breathe also because normally, elderly people have their lung capacity to have reduced in functionality as compared as when they are still young.

During CPR, from experience and even with research, I have come to discover that there are a whole lot of mistakes that people make during CPR

• Not Pressing Deep Enough into the Chest: The issue is that most of the time when we have a shallow compression, it does not allow blood flow and so the solution I will provide is that you should be pushing down hard during compression.

• Incorrect Compression Rate : This is also the mistake a lot of people make because when there is an incorrect rate, it contributed to less blood circulation and so the solution I will give for this mistake is that the compression rate should be around 90-110 per minute. When you are also counting it loud as you are performing each compression will help.

• Not Allowing Full Chest Recoil: The cause of the mistake here is that recoil most of the time does not allow the heart to be filled with the adequate quantity of blood needed and this can lead to ineffective circulation. The solution to this is that hands should be placed gently for every compression.

• Taking Excessive Pauses: This particular mistake is caused when there is too much of pauses taken. We need to understand that each pause that is taken leads to the blood pressure to reduce so if it is in excess, it will affect the delivery of the Oxygen to the vital part of the body. The solution to this mistake is that we should pay careful attention when taking Pauses.

• Incorrect Hand Position: This is the most common type of mistake because you must be very careful in the Positioning of your hand because incorrect Hand Position can lead to ribs to be injured.

• Poor Seal During Rescue Breaths: Most of the time, a very pool seal from the person giving the rescue Breath to the victim mouth can lead to more danger and even vomiting. It is necessary that when giving a rescue Breath, make sure that the mouth is properly sealed.

Talking about CPR Awareness campaign, I will definitely love to have one for my community because a lot of people needs to be educated for and how it is been carried out.

These will be my plans for the campaign I intend to carry out below;

Campaign Name : Hands for Life

Main Goal

My main goal is to help to create a massive awareness within my community on people understanding what CPR is and not only understanding but been able to carry out CPR in emergency situations.

Target Audience

Talking about who will be my Target audience, they will include the General community members most especially with age over 16+. Then I will also target community groups, parents, and community sports.

Key Messages

Talking about what will be my key Messages, it will be broken down to different messages.

• CPR Saves Lives: I will make sure people will be able to know how to carry out CPR in emergency cases that needs it.

• Hands-Only CPR Is Simple and Effective: I will also Include the message that even people passinh by can also partake in CPR even though they might not even have the basic training.

• Call for Help Immediately: The message will also include the understanding of calling emergency services in all those emergency situations.

Strategies for Spreading the Word

• Social Media Campaign: The first strategy I will make use of is the social Media platforms like Twitter, Facebook and even Instagram. I can engage in posting contents like CPR tips, video demonstrations that talk about CPR.

• Community Event: CPR Awareness Day: I will also make sure that I hold a community workshop at a location that is central and quite popular. When holding the community workshop, I will make sure I actually partner with other local healthcare providers in my community.

• School and Youth Group Outreach: Then I will make sure I reach out to School and even Youth for outreaches. I can attend those local schools and organise outreach for them.

Basic Timeline

The campaign will last just for one month and this is the Basics Timeline I drafted out for the 4 weeks in which the campaign will last.

• Week 1: Launch Campaign on Social Media

I will make sure the first Week is for announcing the campaign, I can start posting the daily CPR contents tips I said earlier.

• Weeks 2–3: Promotion and Event Planning

Then what I will make sure I focus on for the week 2 and week 3 is for the promotion of the events that will be carried out during the campaign. I can start contacting schools, and even businesses to start creating the CPR awareness.

• Week 4: CPR Awareness Day and Follow-Up

This week 4 will be dedicating for the week where the main community event will be carried out. I can share event highlights, I can also send appreciation for all participants that were present for the events.

This is the Illustration that talks about the Basic Steps Of CPR for Adults, Children and Infants below;

This is the illustration that talks about the Importance of CPR. Why I did it separately is because a single illustration can not contain everything so I need to split it.

Then lastly, this is the illustration to point out situations where CPR is needed below;

Thank you for this lecture, looking forward to more interesting and benefiting lectures in the more weeks to come

I invite @lovelystar , @newekemini5 and @okere-blessing to drop a very constructive comments on this post and also to participate in this contest.