Macro-Economic problems in India

{......POVERTY.....}

• Poverty is a social phenomenon where in section of society is unable to fulfill even its basic necessities of life .

• In India , the poverty line is define on the basic of calorie in take . according to this , 2100 calories a day has been fixed for urban areas and 2400 calories in rural areas .

• Alternatively , in monthly per capita consumption expenditure terms , the poverty line fixed at ₹780 for rural areas and ₹960 for urban areas in 2004-05 . The poverty has two aspects : Absolute poverty and Relative poverty .
  {.....UNEMPLOYMENT..}

• An economic condition marked by the fact that individual activity seeking jobs remain unemployed. Unemployment is expressed as a percentage of the total available workforce . The level of unemployment varies with economic condition and other circumstances .

• In India , a person working 8 hours a day for 273 days of the year is regarded as employed on a standard person year basis .
  {..TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT .}

• This type of unemployment is associated with economic structure of the company , I.e productive capacity is inadequate to create a sufficient number of jobs .
  (..Under Employment..)

• Those labourers are under- employed who obtain work , but their efficiency and capability are not utilised at their optimum and as a result they contribute in the production up to a limited level .
  (...Open Unemployment ..)

• When the labourers live with any work and they don't find any work to do , they come under the categories of open unemployment . The migration from rural to urban area in India , which is an example of open unemployment .
  (...Disguised Unemployment..)

• If a person does not contribute anything in the production process or in other work , if he can be removed from the work without affecting the productivity adversely , he will be treated as disguised unployment .
  (...Frictional Unemployment ..)

• Frictional unemployment is the time period between jobs when a worker is searching for or transiting from one job to another .
  (...Seasonal Unemployment..)

• It appears due to a change in demand based on seasonal variation . Labourers do not get work round the year .
  (..Classical Unemployment..)

• This type of unemployment problem arises when they wages rise above the equilibrium full employment level .
  (...Cyclical Unemployment..)

• The demand for labour increases with the economy in the boom phases . Again , when the economy passes through recession , demand for labour contracts and the surplus is released as the unemployment labour force .

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