Methods for the study of mental processes, properties and conditions. /part 2/
Experimental Method - Experimentally means a specific method aimed at conducting research into specially designed, managed lifestyles and activities of the people in order to verify the research hypothesis about causal links between psychic phenomena. With this method it uses special measuring equipment and other measuring instruments. It is also important for the experiment that it involves the use of all other methods - observation, talk, poll, etc. But in the experiment, they have a subordinate position. The experimental experience is performed in two variants - laboratory and natural. When examining the method of experiment, the question of so-called. "Pure" experiment and quasi-experiment.
Psychological discussion method - When conducting psychological research, it is often necessary to collect data that characterizes the value system of the individual, to penetrate into its motivational system. In such cases, a method is used. There are multiple requirements to the psychological talk as a method. And it is characteristic of her that the collected simple research material is in natural speech form. The psychological talk can be done in two variants - a constructed and unconstructed talk. Poll method - used in a number of cases to conduct a psychological examination. She is very close to the interview, but unlike her, she does herself in part-time. It is carried out with pre-written questionnaires by the researcher on the topic of the study. Method of analyzing the results of the activity of the person - represents the collection of data about the results of the research activities, their classification and systematization in their most significant signs. The human performance also reflects its attitude towards the activity itself. Modeling method - considered as a phenomenon-based method of study based on the principle of analogy. Several types of modeling are distinguished in psychological studies, the classification of which is made on different grounds. Modeling can be: physical, mathematical, imitative, schematic, cybernetic.
Psychological Interview Method - a specific method in which the essence consists in asking questions from the researcher to research in order to obtain answers related to the goals and objectives of the study. There are four mainstream interviews, and they are: standardized, non-standardized, semi-standardized, non-referenced. For the interview, a preliminary questionnaire needs to be drawn up, except for an unintended interview. Test method - has the character of a particular task that stimulates a certain form of psychic activity and whose use lends itself to a quantitative and qualitative assessment serving as an indicator of the development of certain psychic phenomena. Initially, only one person was tested with a test, and it was later possible to study a group of people. Questionnaires for personality research - designed to describe and evaluate a person by himself, that is, built on a self-reported basis. For their compilation, it is necessary to know some basic methodological rules. Design methods for the study of personality - by the way of their realization represent the researcher's exposure, in a corresponding way, to invented or selected by reality stimuli of different content, but ones that incite the research to be able to express their personal opinion about them depending on his psychic peculiarities.
The incentives used in the projection methods are very distinct in nature. Design methods are varied but subdivided into several main groups: constitutive, constructive, interpretive, cataract, refractive. In practice, many of these methods and variants are used, but the most widely disseminated are: the Rorschah test - used to diagnose individual psychic and personality traits; Thematic Aperceptive Test (TAT) - as such, is used to explain those personality features that occur in the social environment and in social relationships; a method of examining frustration reactions - designed to investigate the possible reactions of people in frustration; method of incomplete sentences - this method requires verbal completion of the sentence, thus revealing unconscious values, experiences, etc. by the person.
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