Impact of Receiving Training in Gym on Cardio Respiratory Fitness Status among the Male Individuals.( part 1)

Regular physical activity has many positive health benefits, including protection against chronic disease, improved physical and mental health, Cardio respiratory fitness, cognitive function, and better health-related quality of life. Moreover, lack of physical activity is associated with higher health care costs and utilization. Going to gym also improve food habits .Information about age (year), daily activities and economic status will be collected. Physical parameters- height, weight .West, hip, biceps, triceps, and calf will be measured and with the help of those measurements waist hip ratio will be calculated. Then systolic and diastolic pressure will be collected. The investigation was conducted in randomly selected male regular gym goers with mean age of 23.5 ± 2.81.The mean body mass index of the study participants was 24.2 ± 2.17. . Strength exercise increases ventricular muscle mass which increases the force of contraction and hence cardiac output. The mean heart rate of the study participants were 75.6 ± 7.17 beats min -1and mean Systolic blood pressure and Diastolic blood pressure were 130 ± 9.44 mmHg and 78.4 ± 8.02 mmHg respectively

Early adulthood is a critical period for establishing life-long physical activity habits. Men when reach their physical peak as young adults or anywhere from their late 20's to early 30's physical abilities are at their peak, including muscle strength, reaction time, sensory abilities, and cardiac functioning, then physical strength will decline slowly throughout the remaining years of life [1]. Adults experience age-related changes based on many factors: biological factors such as molecular and cellular changes are called primary aging, while aging that occurs due to controllable factors, such as lack of physical exercise and poor diet, is called secondary aging. Although physical changes are minimal during this phase, growth and strength in early adulthood, then slow process of decline afterwards. Decline affected by health and lifestyles. During this period the weight and muscle mass change as a result of diet, exercise [2, 3]. Nowadays people are more interested about health and fitness, and fitness comes from physical activity. Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that require energy expenditure. The term “Physical activity” is not equal to “exercise”, physical activity and exercise are interrelated. Exercise is a subcategory of physical activity which brings fitness, regular exercise can improve physical fitness and health and assist in the prevention of disease. Several studies have shown that physically active adults are healthier and have a higher physical fitness than inactive adults throughout different nations and populations groups. Physical activity is therefore promoted as part of a healthy lifestyle [4, 5, 6]. Physical fitness is to the human body what fine tuning is to an engine. It enables us to perform up to our potential. Fitness can be described as a condition that helps us look, feel and do our best. Physical fitness involves the performance of the heart and lungs, and the muscles of the body. And, since what we do with our bodies also affects what we can do with our minds, fitness influences to some degree qualities such as mental alertness and emotional stability [7, 8]. Gym training has become a really important part of it. "Gym" is also slang for "fitness center". Gymnasium, also known as a gym, is often an indoor facility. Gym training helps to balance regular exercise [9]. A well balanced exercise program can improve general health, cardio respiratory fitness and build cardio respiratory endurance. Cardio respiratory fitness is an essential component of physical fitness, improves cardiovascular health in both primary and secondary prevention [10]. Cardio respiratory fitness and physical activity significantly reduce cardiovascular risks in adults. Cardio respiratory fitness best describes the health and function of the heart, lungs and circulatory system and is related to cardio respiratory endurance. Cardio respiratory endurance is the ability of the body to perform prolonged, large muscle, dynamic exercise at moderate-to-high levels of intensity, is a key health-related component of fitness. A healthy cardio respiratory system is essential to high levels of fitness and wellness. The cardio respiratory fitness also describes the capacity of the lungs to exchange O2 and CO2 with the blood and the circulatory system’s ability to transport blood and nutrients to metabolically active tissues for sustained periods without undue fatigue [11,12]. Exercise training increases maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), the strongest predictor of cardiovascular and all causes mortality. person’s maximal oxyge uptake (VO2max) refers to the maximal capacity of an individual to perform aerobic work. It is the product of cardiac output (CO) and arteriovenous oxygen (AV-O2) difference at exhaustion, and the golden standard measure for a person’s aerobic fitness [13]. It refers to the maximal amount of oxygen the individual can utilize typically over one minute during an intense, maximal effort. Aerobic fitness is related to a person’s ability to perform dynamic, moderate-to-high intensity physical activity with large muscle groups for prolonged periods. Thus, it expresses the abilities of both cardio respiratory and muscular systems to transport and utilize oxygen for energy. It is one of the most fundamental measures of human physiology with remarkable health, wellbeing, life quality, work ability, and performance -related associations. The more oxygen you can use during exercise, the more ATP (energy) you can produce [14]. Exercise is an important component of behavioral weight control and cardio respiratory fitness. Exercise training used with the aim of improving the functional abilities of the human body. Physical fitness in early adulthood appears to have a cumulative effect that pays off with health benefits later in life. Regular Physical activity and exercise can help you stay healthy, energetic and independent as you get older. Health benefits can get from even a moderate regular workout. The benefits of exercise not only improve physical health, but also enhance emotional well-being. Regular physical activity remains an essential behavior for endorsing health, postponing or preventing predominant musculoskeletal disorders such as mechanical low back pain, neck and shoulder pain and decreasing the risk of increasing coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, obesity and colon cancers. No matter what your age or shape, you should exercise daily. Not only does exercise so you can wear your favorite dress, it strengthens your muscles, keeps your bones strong, and improves your skin, increased relaxation, better sleep and mood, strong immune function, and more. Daily exercise helps in Strengthening of heart muscles. It helps maintain desired cholesterol levels. Daily physical activity reduces one’s chances of stroke and the risk of heart disease. Regular exercise lowers blood pressure and improves blood circulation. Exercise helps in reduction of excess body weight leading to lower blood pressure. Exercise results in the burning of calories. If supplemented with proper nutrition, exercise is the way to prevent obesity. Any healthy person may become unfit physically if he does not practice exercise regularly. The efficiency of our muscles reduces if we are not doing regular physical workout. So we must do physical fitness exercises every day. Exercise is linked with many physical and physiological benefits that help an individual to function effectively and feel good. Exercise provides an entertaining way to spend enjoyable time. People of all age who are usually inactive can improve their health and well-being by becoming active at a level of moderate intensity in daily basis. Regular Exercise significantly reduces the high blood pressure, risk of developing heart disease, stroke, some cancers, diabetes, and may help to remove the stress, anxiety, and depression. At any age, being physically fit is an advantage to your overall health [15]. Physical inactivity is critical risk factors for adverse health outcomes and it is a recognized public health issue also. Physical inactivity has been associated with increasing prevalence and mortality of cardiovascular and other diseases. Lack of physical activity can add to feelings of anxiety and depression. Physical inactivity may increase the risk of certain cancers. Physically active overweight or obese people significantly reduced their risk for disease with regular physical activity [16]. Most people know physical activity, such as regular exercise, is important for weight loss and optimal health. What some people do not realize is being physically inactive is considered a risk factor for several illnesses and medical conditions. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 2 million people worldwide die from conditions related to physical inactivity .