When the glucose level in our blood is raised above the normal limit it is called hyperglycemia. Generally, we might think that diabetes and hyperglycemia are same things but actually not. All diabetes is indeed a state of hyperglycemia but all hyperglycemia may not be reached (yet) to diabetes level. This level of persistently raised blood glucose is known as pre-diabetes ( or impaired glucose).

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So far, we have learned that hyperglycemia may be classified as pre-diabetes and diabetes. So what is the outcome we might have for these two?

Outcome of Pre-diabetes :

• A person with pre-diabetes are at much higher risk of developing full-blown diabetes
• Increased risk of macro-vascular complications; mostly the large blood vessels become narrow due to deposition of lipid (fat) in the wall of the vessels (atheroma).
• Increased risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack (Myocardial Infarction), stroke, peripheral vascular disease

Outcome of diabetes(uncontrolled or poorly controlled):

• Increased risk of microvascular (small/narrow vessels) complications. Mostly affected organs are eyes (Retinopathy), Kidneys (nephropathy) and nervous system (neuropathy)

When should we call it diabetes or pre-diabetes?

With the advent of glucometer, we can check glucose level of our blood at any time, anywhere. If we just know the units of measurement of that particular glucometer and normal value of blood glucose in relation to the time of taking the meal, we can easily find out either of diseases.
Two types of unit of measurements are available: mmol/L & mg/dL
we can convert on to another easy (roughly) by this way: mmol/L × 18 = mg/dL

You are a diabetic, if:

Fasting blood glucose (before breakfast): ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL)
Or
Random blood glucose (anytime) or 2 hours after a 75 g glucose drink or 2 hours after a meal: ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL)

You are a pre-diabetic, if :

Fasting blood glucose: ≥ 6.0 mmmol/L (108 mg/dL) but < 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) [ It is also known as impaired fasting glucose]
Fasting blood glucose < 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) and 2 hours after a 75 g glucose load 7.8-11.1 mmol/L (140-200mg/dL) [It is also known as impaired glucose tolerance]

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