Perineum rupture

The perineum is the surface portion of the pelvic floor of the vulva and anus. Perineum consists of muscle and urogenital fascia and pelvic diaphragm. The perineal rupture is a tear that occurs when the baby is born either spontaneously or by means or action. Perineal rupture generally occurs in the midline and can become widespread if the fetal head is born too soon. Rips occur in almost all primiparas.

Classification

Types of perineal rupture by extent are as follows:
Degree one: this tear occurs in the vaginal mucosa, the front vulva, perineal skin.
Degree two: this tear occurs in the vaginal mucosa, the front vulva, perineal skin and perineal muscles.
Third degree: this tear occurs in the vaginal mucosa, the front vulva, perineal skin, perineal muscles, and external ani sphincter.
Fourth degree: tears can occur in the entire perineum and sphincter ani which extends to the mucosa.
The occurrence of perineal rupture is due to maternal factors (number of parities, birth spacing, infant weight), unbalanced birth leadership, cohort history, cumming extraction, vacuum extraction, tool trauma and episiotomy