dotfiles and materials available at @junhocho[^*]

GUI보다 좋은 CUI,

CUI. Command Line Interface를 쓰시면 어디서든 쉽게, 인터넷만 있고, Terminal이나 Putty가 있으면 개발을 할 수 있다.

이런 팀뷰어 없이도 말이다.

CLI. 그래서 어떻게?

( Tmux + VIM ) 를 사용하자

CLI를 사용하는 이유.

1. Portable (인터넷이 구리면 팀뷰어는 힘들지)
2. Simple
3. Automated (원하는 기능은 다 자동화 시킬 수 있다)
4. and Cool (남들이 보면 해커인줄 알꺼야)

그리고 당신이

• server가 있고 (노트북과 인터넷만 있으면 어딜가도 괜찮아)
• mac이 있고 (iTerm2는 편하고 이쁘니까)
• blogger
• computer geek

답은 CLI.

드루와드루와

This presentation are inspired by @nicknisi and youtube link

Coverage

1. Ubuntu and ZSH (The OS 그리고 Shell)
2. Vim (The editor)
3. Tmux (The workspace)

공유할 만한 zsh, tmux, vim 설정 파일들, 클릭

SSH: Secure Shell

Secure connection to server

Host(server) IP : 147.46.89.175 (for ex)
User ID : bctjv-[yourname]
password : bctjv

Login !

• Linux/macOS : ssh bctjv-[yourname]@147.46.89.175
• Windows : use putty
  

OpenSSH 가 서버에 설치 되어 있어야 ssh 접속 가능

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

Ubuntu (Linux)

• One of Linux
• Commonly used in Deep Learning libraries
• link about Directories : tmp, root, var, usr, home, bin

Simple commands. 등등...

mv , cp , rm , mkdir , rmdir
ls -lh, df -lh, du -sh ./*, whoami
cp *.py /path/to/dest/
rm -rf /다/지워/버리겠다/*.txt
sudo apt-get install tmux

이런 커맨드도 있음.

cowsay
cmatrix
funny commands

Some Signals

# ==== Ex1) ====, $은 터미널에 쳐볼 것.
$ yes yell!
<C-c>   # Control - c. 돌아가고 있는 프로세스를 꺼버린다.
# ==== Ex2) ====
$ python -c '
c = 0
while True: print c; c= c+1'

<C-z>   # Control - z. 터미널상에서 잠깐 멈추고 백그라운드로!
$ fg    # 다시 아까 돌아가던 foreground로
# ==== Ex 3) ====
$ python
<C-d>   # Control - d. 아예 꺼버리기

파일 권한과 소유권

• directory and file / permission, ownership

다음 상황에서

^Workspace : drwxrwxr-x : directory and has 775 permision
.zshrc : -rw-r--r-- : file and has 644 permision
hello.py : -rwxr-xr-- : file and has 754 permision

• change permssion : $ chmod 755 hello.py : 755는 이진법으로 111 101 101, 즉 rwxr-xr-x. 숫자 세개가 각 나, 그룹, 나머지를 뜻함. 그래서 나는 rwx (읽고 쓰고 실행 권한 있음), 그룸과 나머지는 r-x (읽고 실행 권한만 있음.)
• change ownership : $ chown userid hello.py

sudo 어떤커맨드 : borrow sudo privilege and command

추가로) 쉘 스크립트를 executable하게 바꾸기.

Write on top of shell script
#!bin/bash if shell script,
#!bin/usr/python if python script.
chmod +x script

then the script is executable as $ ./script

Do not abuse sudo 👎

^permission이 없는 것은 sudo 명령어로 해결가능.
하지만 함부로 사용 No
linux를 root 계정을 사용하는 것은 안전하지 않음.
보통 모든 유저에게 sudo 권한을 주진 않음.

Shell : 리눅스 터미널 소통 창구

• Default shell is bash shell 그 유명한 배시쉘
• bash shell made in 1989 which is pretty uncomfortable. 불편해

그래서 zsh을 써보자

• manage zsh with http://ohmyz.sh

Why ZSH?

1. smart autocomplete
2. highly customizable
3. Bundled functions, helpers, plugin, themes : ex) git

Install zsh

# 지금은 안될 수도 있음! oh-my-zsh를 참고하자! http://ohmyz.sh
sudo apt-get install git # git 설치 ( 코드 개발 플랫폼 )
sudo apt-get install zsh # zsh 설치
cd # 홈폴도로 이동.
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)" # install
sudo chsh -s /usr/bin/zsh [your-id] # change your default shell into zsh

커스터마이즈를 해보자! git clone Junhosetting first

cd # move to home folder
git clone https://github.com/junhocho/junhosetting #Star it
cd junhosetting
vi install.txt  # peek vim

엥? vi?

특히 Vim : improved Vi. vi는 에디터. vi커맨드가 곧 vim임
Vim quit? [Alt F4] 가 아닌 다음처럼

:q      # vim quit
:wq     # save and quit. identical to <shift-ZZ>

1 # Zsh setup
2 zsh autojump - https://github.com/wting/autojump.git
3 zsh syntax highlighting - https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git
4  
5
6 #alias-tips
7 $ cd ${ZSH_CUSTOM1:-$ZSH/custom}/plugins            # 커스텀 플러그인 폴더로 이동
8 $ git clone https://github.com/djui/alias-tips.git  # 저장소를 로컬로 복사
9 $ $EDITOR ~/.zshrc                                  # 에디터로 파일을 에디터로 불러들임
10 plugins=(git ... alias-tips) 추가
11 ...

더 해보자

ZSH syntax highlight : 맞는 커맨드면 초록색, 틀린 커맨드면 빨간색

cd
# get source of zsh-syntax-highlighting
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git
# put codes in .zshrc
echo "source ${(q-)PWD}/zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zsh" >> ${ZDOTDIR:-$HOME}/.zshrc
# activate it now
source ./zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zsh

# this refreshes your .zshrc modofication to your current environment
source ~/.zshrc # dotfiles locate in home folder

It highlights if your command is valid

또 좋은 autojump : 내가 자주 가는 디렉토리로 j 커맨드로 빠르고 쉽게 이동.

some more useful commands

ls . | wc -l                        # how many files in this directory.
du -sh ./*                          # how big are folders and files in this directory
df -lh                              # list my Filesystem in human readable format
ln -s [target-folder] [make-link]   # make symbolic link
grep -nr --color "keyword-to-find" * # locate "keyword-to-find"

unzip some.zip                      # unzip
tar -xvf some.tar.gz                # untar
echo $CUDA_HOME                     # print some environment variable
wget https://goo.gl/ka7Yz5          # download file in web
wget http://www.ekn.kr/data/photos/20150938/art_1442387799.jpg # Download jpg image
python print-experiment-output.py 2>&1 | tee experiment.log # Store all print output in experiment.log
which python                        # useful to locate command

history                             # my command history
pstree                              # process tree
htop                                # system monitoring
nvidia-smi                          # gpu monitoring
who                                 # which users are online?

Alias

• 커맨드 단축해버리기!
• alias wn="watch nvidia-smi" 을 .zshrc에 넣어놓으면. 앞으로 wn으로 watch nvidia-smi를 빠르게 실행 가능.

You don't have time to type : grep -nr --color "keyword-to-find" *

• put your alias at the end of .zshrc

cd
cat junhosetting/alias >> ~/.zshrc # Copy paste alias to end of .zshrc
tail ~/.zshrc # print some lines of the end of .zshrc
source ~/.zshrc # refresh this environment

grepn "key-word-to-find" * # Check the alias working

Port

Well know ports : 22 : SSH / 80 : HTTP / 3389 : Window rdp ...
Portforward from CLIENT to SERVER : ssh -L localhost:$2:localhost:$2 $1

# Ex) Do this at SERVER.
Jupyter notebook --no-browser --port 8888 # random ports 8888
# Do this at CLIENT
ssh -L localhost:8888:localhost:8888 [email protected]
# Open web-browser in CLIENT and connect to `localhost:8888`

VNC (GUI) : Use GUI safely with SSH

SCP: Move file between client and Server

use it in CLIENT (unix) terminal.
because Client : 유동 ip / Server : 고정 ip

scp /client/A host:~/path/dest/B
# Client의 파일 A를 host의 경로 B로 옮긴다.
scp host:~/path/dest/A /client/B
# Host의 파일 A를 Client의 B로 옮긴다.
scp -r [email protected]:~/Downloads/WordCount ~/Workspace/
# -r 은 재귀적으로. 서버의 WordCount 디렉토리와 안의
# 모든 파일을 내 client의 Workspace의 복사

Windows는 WinSCP

Killing Process

$ python -c '
c = 0
while True: print c; c= c+1'

<C-z> # go to sleep and background.
$ ps aux | grep python # print process that contains `python`

kill -9 [process-id] : 356 in this case

process killed!

2. Vim

유명한 IDE들,

Visua Studio , Eclipse, Webstorm, Android studio, Pycharm, ZeroBaneStudio는 좋지만 client일때 좋음. server에서 사용하기는 힘들다.

SSH에서는 VIM만큼 편한게 없다!

Vim

• Vim : improved Vi.
• probably already installed in your system
• Highly customizable
• setting file : .vimrc

Modal editing

• Normal - navigate the structure of the file <esc>
• Insert - editing the file i, o, a, s, ...
• Visual - highlight portions of the file to manipulate at once v, shift-v, ctrl-v
• Ex - command mode :, /, ?

vim에서 마우스는 사용할 필요가 없다.

h j k l

⬅️ ⬇️ ⬆️ ➡️

12j : move down 12 tiems, numbers affect

• :29 : move to line 29
• :set number : show line numbers
• :set nonumber : no usually the opposite of command

그외에

• ^e - scroll the window down
• ^y - scroll the window up
• ^f - scroll down one page
• ^b - scroll up one page
• H - move cursor to the top of the window
• M - move cursor to the middle of the window
• L - move cursor to the bottom of the window
• zz : move window so that my cursor is at center
• u : undo
• ^r : redo
• :w : save
• :q : quit
• :wq : save and quit
• gg - go to top of file
• G - go to bottom of file

vim의 learning curve.... 입문부터 고수까지 빡셈... 하지만 익숙하면 너무 편하다.

다음의 중요한 3 요소

text objects

• w - words
• s - sentences
• p - paragraphs

Motions

• a- all
• i - in
• t - 'til
• f - find forward
• F - find backward

Commands

• d - delete (also cut)
• c - change (delete, then place in insert mode)
• y - yank (copy)
• v - visually select

이것들로

{command}{text object or motion} 조합으로 아주 편리하게 사용가능하다.

diw : delete in word

caw : change all word

yi) : yank all text inside parentheses

va" : visually select all inside doublequotes including doublequotes

방금 한 커맨드 또 하는 건 The DOT command .로 된다.

Additional commands

• dd / yy - delete/yank the current line
• D / C - delete/change until end of line
• ^ / $ - move to the beginning/end of line
• I / A - move to the beginning/end of line and insert
• o / O - insert new line above/below current line and insert
• J - delete line break. pretty useful
• p - paste
• * on word - find all this words.
• ^a on number - increment

근데 vim의 포텐에는 끝이 없다: Macro

A sequence of commands recorded to a register

Record a macro

• q{register}
• (do the things)
• q

Play a macro

• @{register}

텍스트에서 지금 커서의 위치를 marking해놓고 돌아오는게 가능

• mk : mark position at k

 `k : move cursor to position k

---

Ex mode에서 가능한 편리한 커맨드들

• /someword : find someword
• :spl / :vspl : split (horizontal or vertical) vim pane
• ^w + w/arrow : move pane in vim
• :e. : file tree
• :%s/foo/bar/g : replace all foo to bar

: 로 시작하는 것들은 vimrc에서 초기 명령어로도 사용 가능.

• :syntax on : syntax on
• :set paste : paste mode. Useful when using vim indent option
• :set cursorline : show cursor with underline

vimrc는 vim의 세팅 파일.

cp ~/junhosetting/vimrc ~/.vimrc

Plugins : install what you need. vim 편리의 끝판왕

• vundle - plugin manager
• nerdtree - file drawer
• ctrlp - fuzzy file finder
• fugitive - git tool
• syntastic - syntax checker / linter

Vim은 엄청나게 customizable하다.

Not an IDE. It's VIM

Install Vundle with plugins

cd
git clone https://github.com/gmarik/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
# clone in ~/.vim/bundle/ and setup your vimrc with plugins
vi # then do :PluginInstall
# Test :NERDTree with <F2> in vim
# Test if autocomplete works

ctags : Source code inspection

sudo apt-get install ctags
cd your-project
ctags -R . # will produce `tags` in the folder
vi code.cpp
< C - t > # to go inside declration
< C - ] > # to go back

3. Tmux : Terminal Multiplexer

vim + tmux

Why Tmux?

• Don't want to stop your SSH session.
  1. Experiment session
  2. Downloading big file
  3. web-server
• Extendable Workspace
• And Maintain your session
• Co-operation

tmux new -s [session-name]    # create new session
tmux ls                       # list existing session
tmux attch -t [session-name]    # attach existing session

tmux new -s py-practice
<C-b> : Tmux binding-key.

• will change it to <C-a> unless you have flexible finger bone

<C-b> c , bind c : New window
bind d : dettach from working session

Let's configure Tmux.

• ref1, ref2
• .tmux.conf

cp ~/junhosetting/tmux.conf ~/.tmux.conf  #  dotfile로 이름바꿔서 복붙
tmux source .tmux.conf    # If you have working tmux session
# Now your Tmux looks better and <C-a> is the binding-key

tmux new -s [session-name]

bind c : new window
bind n : Next window
bind p : Previous window
bind % : vertical split pane
bind " : horizontal split pane
bind h(jkl, arrow) : move my cursor pane to pane
bind [ : copy-mode / q : copy-mode exit
exit / <C-d> : quit pane

Synchronize-panes

bind :setw synchronize-panes

화면 쪼개기!

bind % and bind "

결론

답은 linux + GIT + tmux + vim

참고할만한 dotfiles들

• junhocho/dotfiles
• nicknisi/dotfiles
• bryanforbes/dotfiles
• jason0x43/dotfiles

dotfiles and materials available at @junhocho[^*]