The geographical, social, administrative, economic, and religious conditions of the then Arabia

The geographical, social, administrative, economic, and religious conditions of the then Arabia

Geographical location and tribes of Arabia
The biography of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) refers to the realization of the message given by Allaah to the scattered rays of light which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) presented to mankind and through which he saved mankind from darkness He freed them from the shackles and entered the bondage of Allah. It has even changed the face of history and brought about a radical change in the way of life of mankind.
It is not possible to draw a complete picture of the holy life of the greatest man of all time and the Prophet (peace be upon him) unless a comparative analysis of the situation before and after the revelation of the word of God is done. In this context, before proceeding to the actual discussion, the chapter deals with the geographical boundaries of pre-Islamic Arabia, the status of different communities living in the Arab lands and their evolutionary trends, and the state management, leadership, and classification of tribes Political, social and economic pictures need to be presented to the readers.

That is why I have presented these issues specifically in different hierarchies.
Footnote: Location of Arabia
'Arab' means 'sandy desert,' barren gray desert, or shrub-free grassland. From time immemorial, the term has been used in a specific sense to refer to the Arabian Peninsula and its communities.

It is bounded on the west by the Red Sea and the Sinai Peninsula, on the east by the Arabian Gulf and a large part of southern Iraq, and on the south by the Arabian Sea, which extends across the Indian Ocean, to the north by the Kingdom of Syria and parts of northern Iraq. There is some disagreement on some of the mentioned borders. The total land area is estimated to be from 1 million to 1.3 million square miles.

The Arabian Peninsula is of great importance and significance, both from an internal geographical and geophysical point of view. The peninsula is surrounded by a desert or a vast sandy desert on the horizon. That is why the peninsula has become such a fortified fortress that it is extremely difficult for any foreign power or external enemy to attack, establish authority or influence it. It is for this natural reason that the inhabitants of the central part of the Arabian Peninsula have been able to retain their distinctive features since time immemorial and completely independent. However, in terms of location, the peninsula is a neighbor of two superpowers that would never have been possible for the Arabs to be free from the influence of these two superpowers without geological barriers.
Looking at the location of the Arabian Peninsula from the outside world, it would appear that the country is located in the very center of the ancient continents and is connected to different countries and continents of the world by both water and land. Its north-western border is the gateway to Africa, its north-eastern border is the gateway to Europe, and its eastern border is the gateway to the far west, including China and India, via Iran and Central Asia. In this way, the waterways coming from different countries and continents of the world through the seas and oceans have formed excellent connections with the Arabian Peninsula. Ships from different countries go directly to Arab ports. Given such geographical location and boundaries, the northern and southern borders of the Arabian Peninsula were the focal points of trade, commerce, agriculture, and exchange of views between different communities.
Historians have divided Arab communities into three categories on the basis of genealogy. E.g .:

Bayda of Arabia: These are the ruined ancient tribes and communities that have been completely wiped off the face of the earth, and it has become almost impossible to find reliable evidence for their discovery. These communities are Aad, Thamud, Tbasam, Jadis, Imlaq, Umaim, Jurhum, Hazur, Wabar, 'Arbil, Jasim, Hazaramawat, etc., respectively. [1]
In Arabia' Ariba: These are the tribes that are descended from Yashzub bin Ya'rub bin Qahatban. They are called Qahatbani Arabs.
Musta'riba in Arabia: These are the Arab people who came from the lineage of Ishmael (AS). They are called Adnani Arabs.
The real home of the Arabs in Arabia was the state of Yaman. It is here that their lineage and clans are divided into many branches from the descendants of Saba bin Yashzub bin Ya'rub bin Qahtban. Of these, the latter two groups gained the most prominence. They are: Himiyar bin Saba and Kahlan bin Saba. The Bani Saba had eleven or fourteen other tribes called the Sabian. They have no other tribe except Saba.
(A) Himiyar: Its famous branches are-

(1) Quza'ah: Its branches are Bahra, Bali, Al-Qabayn, Kalb, Uzrah and Wabarah.

(2) Sakasik: They are the descendants of Zayd bin Wailah bin Himiyar. Zayed's title is Sakasik. They are not included in Bani Kahlan's 'Sakasik Kindah' whose discussion is coming up.

(3) Zaidul Jamhur: Its branches are Himayarul Asghar, Saba Al-Asghar, Hazur and Ju Asbah.

(B) Kahlan: Its famous branches are Hamdan, Alhan, Ash'ar, Twai, Mazhiz (from Mazhiz to Ans and An Nakh ', Lakham (from Lakham to Kindah, from Kindah to Banu Mu'abiyah, Sakoon and Sakasik), Juzam. A'milah, Khawlan, Ma'afir, Anmar (from Anmar to Khasayam and Bakhilah, Bakhilah to Ahamas) Azad (Azad to Aus, Khazraj, Khuza'ah and Saffron descendants Gained fame.

Most of the Kahlani tribes later left the state of Yaman and spread to different parts of the Arabian Peninsula. Generally, their emigration took place shortly before 'Saile Arim.' The events of that time, when the Romans invaded Egypt and Syria, established a monopoly on the waterways of the Yemeni people for trade and commerce, and all the facilities of the land routes came to an end forever. As a result, the trade and commerce of the Kahlanis were completely ruined.

"For the inhabitants of Saba, there was a pattern in their habitat - two gardens; One to the right, one to the left. Enjoy the sustenance provided by your Lord and be grateful to Him. The city of happiness and peace and the forgiving Lord. But they turned away (from Allah). So We sent against them the flood which broke the embankment, and We turned their gardens into two gardens of fruit, palm trees, and some cool trees. I punished them for rejecting their truth out of ingratitude. I do not punish anyone except the ungrateful. We placed between them and the towns which We

had bestowed favors, many visible towns, and made the distance between them equal. (And I said to them): Travel safely to these towns day and night. But they said: Our Lord! Increase the distance between our destinations. They wronged themselves. So I made them into a story (the story that is told) and tore them apart. In it are signs for every patient and grateful person. (Surah Saba: 15-19)