116 of things that causes cancer-meme review

Tobacco smoking

Sunlamps and sunbeds

Aluminium production

Arsenic in drinking water

Auramine production

Boot and shoe manufacture and repair

Chimney sweeping

Coal gasification

Coal tar distillation

Coke (fuel) production

Furniture and cabinet making

Haematite mining (underground) with exposure to radon

Secondhand smoke

Iron and steel founding

Isopropanol manufacture (strong-acid process)

Magenta dye manufacturing

Occupational exposure as a painter

Paving and roofing with coal-tar pitch

Rubber industry

Occupational exposure of strong inorganic acid mists containing sulphuric acid

Naturally occurring mixtures of aflatoxins (produced by funghi)

Alcoholic beverages

Areca nut - often chewed with betel leaf

Betel quid without tobacco

Betel quid with tobacco

Coal tar pitches

Coal tars

Indoor emissions from household combustion of coal

Diesel exhaust

Mineral oils, untreated and mildly treated

Phenacetin, a pain and fever reducing drug

Plants containing aristolochic acid (used in Chinese herbal medicine)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) - widely used in electrical equipment in the past, banned in many countries in the 1970s

Chinese-style salted fish

Shale oils

Soots

Smokeless tobacco products

Wood dust

Processed meat

Acetaldehyde

4-Aminobiphenyl

Aristolochic acids and plants containing them

Asbestos

Arsenic and arsenic compounds

Azathioprine

Benzene

Benzidine

Benzo[a]pyrene

Beryllium and beryllium compounds

Chlornapazine (N,N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-2-naphthylamine)

Bis(chloromethyl)ether

Chloromethyl methyl ether

1,3-Butadiene

1,4-Butanediol dimethanesulfonate (Busulphan, Myleran)

Cadmium and cadmium compounds

Chlorambucil

Methyl-CCNU (1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea; Semustine)

Chromium(VI) compounds

Ciclosporin

Contraceptives, hormonal, combined forms (those containing both oestrogen and a progestogen)

Contraceptives, oral, sequential forms of hormonal contraception (a period of oestrogen-only followed by a period of both oestrogen and a progestogen)

Cyclophosphamide

Diethylstilboestrol

Dyes metabolized to benzidine

Epstein-Barr virus

Oestrogens, nonsteroidal

Oestrogens, steroidal

Oestrogen therapy, postmenopausal

Ethanol in alcoholic beverages

Erionite

Ethylene oxide

Etoposide alone and in combination with cisplatin and bleomycin

Formaldehyde

Gallium arsenide

Helicobacter pylori (infection with)

Hepatitis B virus (chronic infection with)

Hepatitis C virus (chronic infection with)

Herbal remedies containing plant species of the genus Aristolochia

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (infection with)

Human papillomavirus type 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 and 66

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I

Melphalan

Methoxsalen (8-Methoxypsoralen) plus ultraviolet A-radiation

4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA)

MOPP and other combined chemotherapy including alkylating agents

Mustard gas (sulphur mustard)

2-Naphthylamine

Neutron radiation

Nickel compounds

4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)

N-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN)

Opisthorchis viverrini (infection with)

Outdoor air pollution

Particulate matter in outdoor air pollution

Phosphorus-32, as phosphate

Plutonium-239 and its decay products (may contain plutonium-240 and other isotopes), as aerosols

Radioiodines, short-lived isotopes, including iodine-131, from atomic reactor accidents and nuclear weapons detonation (exposure during childhood)

Radionuclides, α-particle-emitting, internally deposited

Radionuclides, β-particle-emitting, internally deposited

Radium-224 and its decay products

Radium-226 and its decay products

Radium-228 and its decay products

Radon-222 and its decay products

Schistosoma haematobium (infection with)

Silica, crystalline (inhaled in the form of quartz or cristobalite from occupational sources)

Solar radiation

Talc containing asbestiform fibres

Tamoxifen

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin

Thiotepa (1,1',1'-phosphinothioylidynetrisaziridine)

Thorium-232 and its decay products, administered intravenously as a colloidal dispersion of thorium-232 dioxide

Treosulfan

Ortho-toluidine

Vinyl chloride

Ultraviolet radiation

X-radiation and gamma radiation