Coping with Guilt: What is the Psychology of Guilt?
Guilt psychology refers to a mental state where individuals feel emotions like guilt, regret, shame, or embarrassment about past or current actions or events.
Guilt is a conscious emotion that arises when someone believes they are responsible for causing harm or distress to another person, leading them to reflect on this situation. This feeling can influence how a person views their actions and may bring about mental and emotional unease.
For criminals, the experience of guilt may relate to their conscience, personal morals, or standards they set for themselves. Sometimes, feeling guilty can encourage people to learn from their errors and act more ethically in the future. However, excessive or misplaced guilt can result in emotional troubles, such as anxiety or depression.
Types of Guilt: a. Personal Values Guilt
This type occurs when someone feels they have not behaved according to their own moral beliefs. For example, a person who values honesty may feel guilty for lying to a friend or cheating on a test.
b. Guilt from Causing Harm or Failing to Help
This guilt arises when someone believes they have hurt another person or failed to assist someone in need. For instance, a person may feel guilty for hurting a loved one emotionally or for not helping someone who required assistance.
c. Purpose of Life Guilt
This guilt happens when individuals feel they are not meeting their life goals or expectations. People may feel guilty if they believe they are not reaching their full potential or achieving their dreams.
d. Uncertainty Guilt
This type of guilt occurs when the link between actions and their results is unclear. For example, someone may feel guilty for surviving a disaster that resulted in many casualties, or they may feel guilty about inheriting a genetic illness.
e. Inequality Guilt
This guilt comes from feelings of injustice or imbalance, such as being aware of one's privilege while others suffer or feeling guilty for having more than those who are less fortunate.
Understanding these types helps illustrate how guilt can appear in different situations. However, each person experiences guilt uniquely, and the strength of these feelings can differ widely.
Causes of Guilt Psychology: a. Cognitive Distortions
These are irrational thoughts that create false or negative views about oneself or others. Beliefs like always feeling guilty, striving for perfection, assuming how others think, or believing one can control everything can lead to feelings of guilt.
b. Social Norms
Social norms are the expectations that dictate how people should behave in various settings. Not following these norms, whether cultural, religious, familial, or workplace-related, can lead to feelings of guilt.
c. Moral Sentiments
These feelings push individuals to act in line with their ethical values. A person might feel guilty for behaving in ways that go against their conscience or sense of integrity.
d. Self-esteem
This reflects how much a person values themselves and believes they deserve respect and love. Guilt can arise when someone feels they have not lived up to the expectations set by themselves or by others.