Why the sea is salty

Why the sea is salty

the sea Water consists of 70% of the earth's surface. The water is divided into several sections: rain water, springs , oceans, underground wells and waterfalls. Each section is located in places that may differ from the existence of the other sections, and each has its components. This article is about the sea that is part of the ocean, its salinity property, and the source of those salts. [1] The sea is defined as the near-land part of the ocean, the point of contact with the ocean through the various straits. Land has a significant impact on the sea and its water system, affecting its climate. Small particles, earthworms and various chemical solutions go to the sea. Which affect the organisms in it, and the connection of the sea to the ocean varies according to the impact of the land in it, which leads to a difference in the general characteristics of the sea from the ocean.[1] [2]

The origin of the seas is that they are water basins that arose during the third and fourth geological periods. The causes of their origin are deforestation in marine and oceanic areas and the occurrence of hydrothermal processes caused by erosion of continental boundaries or rising ocean levels due to melting ice at the end of the Ice Age , The sea-to-sea has appeared due to erosion in the concave areas of the Sea of ​​Japan and the South China Sea. The seas that have emerged because of melting are the Arctic seas. [1]

Sea water salinity

Salinity is a general term that describes the level of soluble salts in water, such as: sodium chloride, calcium sulphate, magnesium sulphate, and carbonate. Salinity is the weight of soluble salt in every thousand parts of seawater. Salinity is estimated in milliseconds, C, soluble salts in Searandma oxidized all carbonates dissolve chlorine place of iodine and bromine, and estimated sea water salinity of 35 parts per thousand; that there are 35 grams of dissolved salts per 1,000 grams of sea water, [3] and vary the ratio of the Sea to the Sea, for example , water is the sea cold semi - fresh; At salinity up to 2.5 per thousand, and rising salinity by moving to the seas in the tropical and sub - tropical regions; especially in the interior and medium seas , such as the Red Sea, is up to 40 parts per thousand. [2]

The main reason for seawater salinity is the presence of very high sodium chloride in the earth, specifically in the crust. The earth's crust contains many different chemical elements in the density. These compounds are characterized by being soluble in water. These compounds are called alkaline saline and because of this the saline water has become saline. [1] The salinity of water varies from region to region. For example, the Dead Sea water is highly saline because of the lack of fresh water reaching it, as well as the high temperature that leads to increased evaporation rates and therefore the concentration of salts. The waters of the Baltic SeaThey are low-salinity, for the arrival of large quantities of fresh water to it through the rivers that flow into it. [4]

Volcanic activity is one of the causes of seawater salinity. The salts of lava and volcanic eruptions pass into water as well as carbon dioxide, which dissolves in water and forms carbonic acid, which in turn dissolves minerals that increase sea salinity. Evaporation also contributes to salinity When the water evaporates, the salts leave behind to build up again and again in the sea. The rivers also transfer salts to the sea and ocean waters as they pass through the land rocks, which in turn erode and result in erosion of the salts and minerals. T does not increase but are stable, largely due to the consumption of some of the salts by marine organisms in large quantities. [5]

Distribution of salinity in the seas and oceans

Salinity is distributed in water in two ways: horizontal distribution, vertical distribution, and the following is a simplified explanation of each: [6]

1- Horizontal Distribution of Salinity This distribution is based on salinity concentration in the surface layer of the sea. Salt concentration is affected by a combination of factors:

a - Evaporation rate, which is closely related to temperature, solar radiation, and air moisture content in the gas atmosphere, particularly in the lower layer.

b - The rate of precipitation or snow, which is also affected by latitude and distance from the continents of continents.

c - Marine currents, moving and mixing sea water.

d - River flows, where river water transfers salts from land to the sea into which they flow.

2 - The vertical distribution of salinity with depth is dependent on water density. High-density water is located at the bottom. High water is the least dense. As seawater salts give high density, salt water is more dense than fresh water. Density and weight, as the density of water increases the lower the temperature and the higher the pressure on them, and the impact of depth on salinity does not have a significant impact with density; the average salinity of surface water is between 33-34 parts per thousand, while the proportion of salinity in The bottom 35 part per thousand, which is not a var To sum it up, it can be said that thawing on the surface is what alleviates its salinity, so the increase is moderate.

The importance of seawater salinity

The salinity of sea water is important in preventing its rot. It is an environment in which creatures and organisms can be characterized by bacteria and mold. However, salinity makes the accumulation of bacteria and mold difficult, and salt is used in many chemical industries. It is used in the treatment of inflammation and swelling of the eyes, and is used in the manufacture of different types of food, medicines , and in the removal of hardness of water, in addition to many of its benefits to humans and the environment; it is indispensable in any case of Conditions. [1]

References

1/ ^ A B B T J S Abhur Magazine (2017-7-13), "Why the sea is salty" , sailed , disposed.
2/ ^ A b Shaher Jamal Agha, " the sea" , Arabic Encyclopedia , briefed him on 30.08.2017. Acting.
3/ ↑ Ali Jabbar Abdullah Al-Juhishi (2012-12-26), "Salinity") , University of Babylon College of Basic Education , see it on 2017-8-30. Acting.
4/ ↑ "Marine currents" , the portal of scientific progress , see it on 2017-8-30. Acting.
5/ ↑ Anne Marie Helmenstine (2017-8-4), "Why Is the Ocean Salty?" , Thought Co , Retrieved 2017-8-30. Edited.
6/ ↑ Ali Jabbar Abdullah Al-Juhishi (2012-12-26), "Distribution of Salinity in the Sea and the Ocean , " University of Babylon, College of Basic Education , see it on 2017-8-30. Acting.

By Bana Damrawi