The Agricultural Revolution (Neolithic Period – Late Stone Age 10,000 BCE)

History of Philosophy begins with the history of reading & writing & history of that begins when the history of cities begin & cities were made after agricultural revolution also known as Neolithic Revolution (12,000 years ago).

All the history before the Neolithic Revolution is known as Stone Age (3.4 million years ago). When human was a hunter & a gypsy. 

 Agricultural Revolution started off with Fertile Crescent. This Fertile Crescent starts with Egypt, Palestine, Syria & Iraq. These regions has lots of rivers due to which the soil of this region is very fertile. 

 Human learned how to plant a seed, water it, taking care of it & produce corps from it. Along with it the invention of Pottery & Homes made of soil as well as how to use different animals for agricultural purposes. 

 The most important invention was hedging bill. Amazingly the first hedging bills were made out of stone. Slowly when humans started used using metal they started making hedging bills out of metals. 

 Obviously when hedging bills were made then cutting of corps became really easy. Humans also learned how to make an axe out of stone via which they cleared the forests & started agriculture over there. 

 And I guess the most important invention of agricultural revolution was “Plough”. & how they’ll make the soil more fertile with it, which was about 8,000 years ago. 

Aleppo, Syria :

 In Aleppo, Syria in 9400 BCE first temples were made around which due to population first cities were made.

Jericho, Palestine:

Jericho City is in Palestine & dates back 11,000 years ago (Mentioned in Bible as well). Population of Jericho was about 2000 – 3000. At that time, when this amount of people gathered together that place was considered as a city. It was built around 8000 BCE. 

Susa, Iran:

Susa dates back to 6000 BCE & it is located 250 KM east of Tigris River in Iran. 

Egypt:

It was also built around 5000 BCE or 6000 BCE. Most of us are I guess aware of the history of Pharaohs. 

Mohenjo-Daro, Indus Valley Civilization:

It was built around 5000 BCE. 

Xia Dynasty, China:

It was built around 4000 BCE All these ancient cities, you might realize from the agricultural revolution started & how the first cities were made where Philosophy was born. 

Bronze Age 6000 BCE:

Around 8000 years ago humans invented Bronze. Copper & Tin were mixed to make a new metal, which was stronger than Copper. With this new metal humans made weapons & tools. Tools made an increase in the agriculture power of man, this aided man so much so that the growth was way more than their or their society’s needs (or In short they started producing Surplus product). Due to this surplus product the leaders of old tribes continuously altered from leaders to rulers. 

As soon as they became leaders, they became a state & with a state, royalty was formed. 

This was the era when men dominated women by having absolute monopoly over weapons, tools & means of productivity. This is also the time where one tribe attacked the other one with their weapons made of bronze, & whichever tribe vanquished, they’ll make them slaves. 

This was about 6000 BCE when the complete system of slavery was born.

 Iron Age 3000 BCE:

After Bronze Age, in around 3000 BCE Iron Age begins. In Nigeria, for the first time it was melted down to form different weapons & tools. But Iron is very soft, but when it’s mixed with Carbon, Steel is made.  

In Around 2000 BCE steel was invented, & people realized that weapons & tools made out of the steel were very hard & could cut anything. Especially weapons out of bronze. Steel would easily defeat them. The most important use of steel was the invention of Steel Tipped Plough. It increased in the growth of agriculture drastically.  

This is also the time when humans started writing for the first time (3200 BCE), as soon as they started writing, Alphabets were discovered, and with it the first literature was born & the first recorded history was born.