Birth and Death of stars.

At times we have never looked at the bright stars of the night sky, and this question has surely been heard that how long they have blinking eyes are looking at us? How did they come to this sky? When suddenly one of the stars in the stars, it is also caught in our eyes? Many such questions ponder on these bright stars. The interesting thing is that they are born after the inertia, Old age comes and they die once. It is just as a surprise, but the truth is. This is written on the birth and death of stars. Let's know. Let's go about it.

How is it born a star child?

Although there are many objects in space, but these objects are not exactly aligned in space. Space in the gap between space. Various types of gases (usually hydrogen gas is available) or dust cloud regions These gases or dusty regions say that Interstellar medium or interstellar medium. These regions become somewhat more dense than their neighboring areas remains. Generally, the dynamics of the dust inside it are in balance due to its own gravity force. Now when This balance of dust is interrupted for some reason (such as the effect of a nearby supernova), then these imbalanced dusty areas Due to being thicker and narrow.

In this way, gas or dusty clouds from concentrations to concentrate, at one time, a specific mass called crusty mass. The thicker parts of the cloud are becoming more compressed by gravity. This contraction reaches a level when the thicker parts of the cloud are one separate from each other and constitute more dense zones. This process has been around for several million years.

When the dust clouds become more narrow and condensed, on one hand, their shape begins to be like a sphere. In this situation, they are called Porto stars is there. On the other hand, under the influence of the gravitational force, the effects of their compression increased due to an internal temperature of about 20 million degrees Can reach. At this temperature, the burning of hydrogen gas in the clouds started and the burn started Nuclear fusion reaction of a few times of hydrogen. This reaction eventually produces helium from hydrogen. This weapon to be a child star, which gradually grows and dies at one time.

In the theories of astronomers, new stars are usually born in the spiral galaxy, because here it includes of condensed gas or dust. Sometimes a number of stars can be born together from the same molecular cloud. Then they are Together they are called star clusters or stars. Generally, two kinds of clusters of stars are available. Open to the first open clusters where hundreds of young people are slightly hotter, and starving stars from each other. The second cluster is called globular clusters, which is relatively older and thousands of people close to each other Star is located.

Scientists believe that our Sun and the Solar System have been born in the solar system at the same time and in the same nebula Are staying in position. The Sun has also been born with a common form of birth of stars. That is, the contraction of gas or dust and then there after the interstellar medium was broken by the collapse of the sun.

Measurement of stars brightness: Hertz pong-Russell Diagram

All the stars except the sun are usually located far away from the Earth or the Solar System. For example, let's say Proximate Center Star. It is about  in the world 4.2 light years away. So, in reality, if we sit in the world and try to see what happens in Proximal, then we will actually see that the incident happened before 4.2 light years ago. As a result, it is impossible to see what is happening right now. Originally astrophysicists are two things is seen in this case; The first is the luminosity of stars and the color of their surface. When it comes to measuring the brightness of the stars, they need a scale measuring their brightness. The scientists in that area The brightness is measured by the fact that the relative value is not acceptable in this regard. The sun's current This scale was created by the brightness of the standard. That is, if the brightness of a star is 1, then it means that it is the Sun. Containing the brightness of current brightness.

On the other hand, the color of the surface of stars depends on the temperature of their surface. Generally, their color over relatively high temperatures. There are blue or bluish types. Over time, their temperature decreases and the relatively cool blue star leaves are red or reddish. Two astronomers Hertz pong and Russell stars have a brightness with the brightness and the color of their surface. Tries diagrams, which are known by their names as Hertz pong-Russell Diagram. From this diagram to the steroids about how the luminosity would be in contrast to the temperature required by the temperature required or it is now in any condition. Available is possible. Interestingly, the position of the stars in this diagram is not evenly aligned. That is, where an irregular pattern is found. Most of the stars are in the diagram above the left to the bottom right. The upper left indicates that the stars are not young, the larger, the more warm, the more bright and the blue, and when it is at the bottom right, indicates that it is the temperature is relatively cool, small, ductile and colorful in shape. The stars in the upper right, their brightness. It is larger, larger and red in color. But they have less temperature. These stars are called red giant (red monsters). On the other hand, on the left side, the white dwarf or white dwarf, a relatively small, heated and blue-colored star.

Life and at the end of life of a star

In the case of the newly born stars, about 90% of its lifetime, its shape, brightness and surface temperature It is almost the same. At this time the stars are in hydro static equilibrium. That is, in the Hertz pong-Russell diagram. Their position does not change. At this stage the star is called the original sequence star or the main sequence star. Our sun is a clear example. They are located in the middle of the Hertz pong-Russell diagram in the middle of the right-to-left pattern. They have lived for a long time. But this period is not same for every stars.

Main Sequence Star, like our sun, produces helium through hydrogen to the nuclei fusion during their lifetime. Their Life depends on their shape and size. For example, relatively large stars burn their fuel very quickly and in this they enter the old age as soon as possible. On the other hand, relatively small stars. There is no need for fuel burns so fast. As a result, they have survived for a long time.

Red Giant

The present status of the stars is known to have some kind of energy inside them. Such as Main Sequence Star contains Hydrogen gas and burns. When hydrogen gas is burned, it means that the star is very weak and is not producing enough power. As a result, this force demonstrates insufficiency in carrying the weight of the star and the star or the core starts to shrink slowly. And their temperature and coefficient density increase again. And they grew with them and their Luminosity.

After extracting this huge amount of heat, the radius of the stars increases from about 100 to 1,000 times from their original radius. Now this excess heat burns more fuel, then their energy decreases on one side and the surface temperature decreases almost half. As a result the stars then turned red color. The condition is largely red and the red color is called red monsters or red giant. Their position in the Hertz pong-Russell diagram is at the top right. Starving old age begins to originate mainly when they begin to gradually become red, meaning that the process of making red giant stars. Our sun is now at its middle age and it is thought that after five million years it will become a red giant and the earth and its environment will be scorched.

White dwarf: The end result of the small stars

At the end of the red giant phase is relatively small (about eight times less mass starved than the Sun's mass) in the case of stars almost all hydrogen gas is exhausted. On the other hand, their contraction is also possible in determining the increase of temperature. Then its nuclear fusion there is nothing left for fuel or heat to carry out the reaction. Since their nuclear reactivity is diminished. Their outermost stays are no longer stable and these levels fly in zero by the influence of the astral winds produced by the stars. When this incident is seen from the Earth, it seems that the large colored clouds of the stars are flying very fast. Just leaving behind The core of the stars. This colorful cloud is called Planetary Nebula. Helix Nebula is a suitable for Planetary Nebula in this case. However, Planetary Nebula does not have any connection between planets or planets. When this colorful cloud flies to the plane of the marrow. When it goes, the whole thing looks like a lot of the planet. From that name it's named. After the Planetary Nebula or the exhaust extract of the star, the core of the star remains small, but its density is still high and at the same time the temperature is more. This core is called the white dwarf, small and gray-white. They are so concentrated that this is so the star mass of one teaspoon of the cores of a star is equal to the mass of a standard elephant in the earth. They are mainly Hertz pong-Russell.

In the case of small stars, this white dwarf core is composed mainly of carbon and with a small amount of oxygen. On the other hand neon is in a bigger shape. It has already been said that there is no remaining energy left to run nuclear reaction. The temperature gradually decreases and once their brightness decreases diminished. This condition is called a gray dwarf or a brown dwarf. Our sun will probably die in this way.

Supernova: The end result of large stars

The question is about the end result of the small stars, so the question remains, then in case of large stars. What will be the end? Larger stars will mean those stars whose mass is about eight times greater than the Sun's mass. Large stars are not like the small ones, this does not end up slowly. Their death was indicated by a huge spontaneous explosion. The brightness in the first seconds of the explosion is so much that it is equivalent to the brightness of almost all galaxies in stars. At the Type-II Supernova, which tells type of astral explosion. Type-1 supernova consists mainly of the white dwarf explosion.

Depending on the star, supernova explosions can result in two types of cores. Comparative in small stars, the core can become a neutron star. But if the core of the star's core is mass of the sun 5 times more, but they can be turned into black holes. After the explosion, the kneading particles enter the new gas field again and mix it with the hydrogen they contribute to the birth of a new star. Our sun is also made in the same way. There are particles inside the Sun which are from countless stars.

Neutron star

When the supernova blasts, the corpus of the corpulent star coefficients has been contracted. Proton and electron one by one due to excessive constriction. Neutron builds up with each other. But this neutron is limited to a special limit. That means no neutron is formed after this limit and then the neutron star was created. They are so thick that the mass of one teaspoon of their cores will be the mass of the pyramid of Giza 20 times. It is probably the example of the most dense object of human's knowledge.

Some neutron stars have traveled very fast in a few seconds from a few milliseconds. During this rotation, they create radio waves that are rich in specific pulses or pulses. That is why they are called Pulsar. The most significant pulsar star's location is found in the Central Region of Crab Nebula. They rotate about 30 times per second.

Black Hole

In the case of making black holes, the core of the star must be of the Sun's mass 2.5. Because of this huge mass, its gravity is too much. As a result of the explosion of the supernova, The inner rippling or force of neutrons is unable to prevent them from being destroyed. Their core continues to become concentrated until it is turned into a blackhole.

Black holes are those parts of the space where they have gravity or gravitational forces and their density is so high that the light can not escape from there. Because all objects are concentrated together in such a place, they are called 'singularity'.

Thus, due to the narrowing of the gas in space, the children were born of the stars and gradually they proceeded towards death. Someone gets lost in bright white dwarf, someone becomes neutron star, and the end result of many is the creation of black holes.

The stars we see in our sky are crossing different levels of their life. Someone may have begun to be born, someone is moving slowly or slowly towards the end. And yet many light-years away from the stars yet, maybe the light bulb has not reached our world. Someone is dead again now. Whatever the situation, the stars in the sky will always be there for the people of the world, a wonder.

NB: Image and other content sources are jila.colorado.edu , faculty.montgomerycollege.edu , shutterstock.com , wallpaper.wiki , eso.org , distant-traveller.tumblr.com , lemerg.com , apod.nasa.gov , w-dog.net , wall.alphacoders.com , 6iee.com , idw-online.de , wall.alphacoders.com

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