Help needed to understand the steem-system

Hi,

my name is David and right now I'm trying to wrap my head around this whole steem-system. I've already read the whitepaper, but - obviously - this thing is a bit too complicated to understand everything from first sight.

What I've understood so far:

• There are three different ways to hold the steem-currency
• the most important one is steem power, which gives the holder more "power" to vote for content on steemit (and probably other platforms to come)
• the amount of steem is going to double every year, but because 90% of the new tokens are distributed to steem-power-holders, it will be closer to a 2:1-stock-split than to actual inflation
• the other 10% of new steem are distributed to miners and content-creators

What I've understood partially:

• the steem that is distributed to the content-creators is a fixed amount relative to the current overall-supply.
• there is a somewhat complicated system to prevent users of upvoting too much content in a short period of time.

What I haven't understood yet:

• What is part of the actual blockchain of this system? Is it the whole content or just a pointer (like a hash or something)?
• How does the reputation system work?

I'm thankful for every good link to explanations, further documents or interesting videos and audios.
Thank you!