HOW INTERNET WORKS?

we use internet in our day to day life and we don't know exactly how it works so let's understand how it works?

Internet was initially invented by Robert kahn a

and vint cerf

Internet is a combination two words called interconnected network.
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Now what interconnected network means let’s understand? Interconnected network means physically or by means of wire connecting two computers See what if I tell u internet is free of cost but there is something for which we need to pay so let’s understand what and why we need to pay. Suppose I stay at my home and my workplace is about 2 KM away from my house and if I connect a wire between my home and workplace and connect two computers across it, this is what internet is, interconnected network.

Now data can be transferred from my home to workplace freely but I had to initially invest some amount of money into it, also maintain that wire, this is what only cost I need to bare. In the similar fashion the internet we use is. The whole world is connected to internet by a physical wired network. This laying down of wire is done by Tier 1 company, they include level 3, At & T , Tata telecommunication ,etc.

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They actually lay down wire and connect the world from down the sea.

The network is established between the countries now this network from Tier 1 is taken by Tier 2 Company and they connects it nationwide, here company like Jio, Vodafone, Airtel comes.

Now after its is distributed nationwide every individual should get internet so this is done by tier 3 company here local company likes Tikona, Hathaway, spectranet,etc indian companies comes into picture.

Now see the wires between nation is established so data can be transferred easily so why we need to pay, see this wires when company sets-up there initial cost is high that care needs to be taken also life expectancy of this wire is quite low only about 25 years, they also needs to maintained and for this reasons we need to pay them.

Now let’s talk about IP.IP means internet protocol, as every house has a unique distinct address in a similar way every device on internet has got IP address. IP address is generally of form 123:456:789:111 so initial of this address is location of country from where it belongs and next one tells that from the region and next one tells sub region of that country from where this device comes from.

Now let’s understand how data is transferred, see I want to send a message to my friend that stays in USA

See now let’s understand how data is transferred, suppose I stay in India and my friend stays in USA so how message will be transferred let’s understand, see when I type something into my mobile and send it the text will be converted into equivalent 0's and 1's.Then they need to be wirelessly transmitted to our router or tower that gives u the internet, then router or tower that are tier 2 /tier 3 will sent it to tier 1 landing point in India tier 1 landing point is at Mumbai, Chennai, cochin, Bengaluru, from there whole traffic is then send to suitable area and then it will go into sea cables and then it will go to tier 1 landing point of USA and then by suitable means through tier 2/tier 3 and according to his ISP he will get the message to his router and again to radio waves and then it will come to his mobile and he will get the message.

This is how it works.

Now here there is one more concept to introduce, that how much data is transferred and what will be the speed of data.
See every tower or cable that provides you internet has got certain bandwidth. See the bandwidth is maximum amount of data it can transfer or handle. Suppose you stay in a locality and your ISP has bandwidth of 1Gbps and 5 people are using it ,so probability is that speed they will get is only 100 MBPS but suppose the no. goes to 20, then people will receive only 20MBPS hence at times in day u may get very less speed and when you use at night then u might be getting quite high speed so it depends situation to situation. So no. of people using internet at time is largely depends on speed you are getting.

Let’s talk about IP address. See as we have specific distinct location for house in a similar fashion our device have a specific location on internet, this location is termed is as IP address. The IP address is a set of no. written in format like :::: where each can have 3 digits and such permutation and combinations of numbers is done to get 32 bit out of it. Now this IPv4 version of IP address this can make all together only 4 4 billion IP address which is not enough now we use IPv6 that uses 128 bit so that can make around 340 undecillion IP address.

This is all about IP address.

Now next thing is how data is transferred and how IP address helps to do it.
See everything on internet that is it may be images, chats, messages, videos, etc. is broken down into small pieces called packets. Suppose u want to send a spacecraft from one place to another u will not take that full rocket an move it from one place to another you will definitely break into pieces and then transport it to desired location and then again reassemble it, this is how we do things in a similar way instead of transferring full image we break into pieces called packets and then transfer it to a desired location and then again reassemble it. Now let’s understand how this packet switching process is done, now see packets that are form has two things senders IP address and receivers IP address, when this packet is made it then goes to our router now router act as traffic controller, it gives the best possible small route so that it reaches destination very quickly. The more no. the router on the system the more efficiently the traffic is controlled in internet. It’s not that all packets will go in a sequence they will go anyhow be directed by router and find there route and go to destination.
Here one more thing comes is TCP i.e. transmission control protocol.

See now what’s sureity that all packets have come to receiver end and anyone hasn’t miss out, for this TCP is used, TCP will control all the transmission and once at receivers end all packets are verified and if all have arrived then it will sign out means that all packets has arrived and if even one packet is missing then it will resend the message to sender server or computer and those packets will be send again this is how TCP/IP works.

Now I have discussed about so many things on internet that we transfer everyday about a million of bits of data so what security we are provided over it and what privacy we are provided on internet, so let’s discuss it.
Cybercrime is increasing every day and security/privacy in internet is just for namesake every day of about lakhs of fraud, stealing of cryptocurrency, etc. happens on internet so what is it, how it is and how to be safe and out of it lets understand.
See there many types attack on internet let’s discuss few of it.
1)Virus :virus as in biologically means that it is an organism that one’s enter into our body lives some genetical material that replicates in no. with time and harms our system and after some time to our surrounding too. In a similar way computer virus is, computer virus is an executable code that when enters our system it keeps on replicating and creates lots of shortcut into our computer and harms our system. This virus is very harmful it can steal our data, delete data, control our computer can give control of our Pc to somebody else etc. stuff it can do and harm us. Now most of times virus can come in the form of some software update that’s fake and we install it into our Pc and thus unknowingly install virus into our Pc. This virus can also come explicitly due to some hacker, so we need to be careful when we use internet.

2)DDos:

DDos is distribution denial of service means by the means of some hackers group or bot gives large number of request that are send to a particular website to shut down it and ultimately trouble people. See a server or computer can generally handle millions of request but when it comes billions and trillions server generallly can’t handle it and ultimately it shuts down.

1. Phising:Phising is something that comes in the form of some fraud that people traps into and ultimately takes all details of person and thus end up coming to loss or stealing of money.

Phising happens when some company sends an email or urls that will be some security check or security update like stuff and will redirect to a page that will look like some page that’s genuine and will ask to sign up and write your personal details and thus u end up giving everything feeling that u are just verifying some security check. In this your all details will be given to some one and he might use it to steal data or spy or do something else u need to be very careful on internet.

Now lets discuss some measures that how can u overcome it.
Initially set up a strong password for your accounts.
See to it that u don’t have one password for all the stuff else if u loose it u will end up giving details of all ur accounts and acess to somebody else.
Don’t install any apps or things from playstore because they themselves might be virus,use only those apps that are trustworthy and comes from real genuine company.
While updating/upgrading see to it that update is genuine and then install.

Pls forgive me for grammatical errors.

Okay that's all from this onee meet u'll in next one,plz upvote the post if u like it as it gives lot's of motivation,for any query or suggestion pls write in comment section.



JAI HIND....