INTRODUCTION ON HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS

What is heat :- The quality of been hot

The word thermal is also the same as the term heat

Therefore the word dynamic can be describe as motion, that is changing of states of particle

Thermodynamics is a part of science that deals with the relationship between between heat and other forms of energy also the change of heat and also the movement or motion of it.

ZEROTH LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

 It states that when two bodies are at thermal equilibrium with a third body, then they are said to be at thermal equilibrium with each other.

       i.e

        A and B = C then A= B also 

FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS :- It can be mathematical written as

dQ = dU + dW
i.e dQ - change in heat
dU - change in internal energy. ( temperature)
dW - work done

SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

Second law of thermodynamics can be stated in two forms, namely:

Kelvin planks statement and Clausius statement

Kelvin Planck statement of second law of thermodynamics states that an engine moving in a cyclic process cannot convert all heat energy to mechanical works. That is it can never be 100% efficient

Clausius statement of second law of thermodynamics states that it is impossible for a self acting machine moving in a cyclic motion to move all heat at lower temperature to higher temperature except with an external agent

Moreover there is machine that violates this statement it is called PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE OF ITS SECOND KIND (PMM 2)

Third law of thermodynamics :- it state that when a pure entropy approaches zero and absolute zero temperate.

dS = 0
T = 0

Entropy :- it is the degree of disorderliness in a system

Clausius inequality :- it states that when close system undergoes a cyclic process, the integral equation is shown below :

[Source](from gallery)

More so there are some definitions that needed to be take into full consideration when studying heat and thermodynamics as a course of study:

Thermal Reservoir :- This is a system with infinite capacity of absorbing or releasing unlimited amount of heat with altering the temperature

Heat Engine : - This is a device that is used to convert heart energy into mechanical works

Quasi - static process :- This is a process whereby a system is infinitesimally close to the equilibrium

EPISODE 1 (INTRODUCTION ON HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS)