Found this great explanation what is ICO (Initial Coin Offering) 101 for Dummies
An ICO, better known as an Initial Coin Offering, is a method through which projects get rid of their concealed and remaining crypto tokens and raise funds instead by selling them and buying ether and bitcoin. It is very similar to an IPO, which is an Initial Public Offering, where investors buy and sell shares of different companies.
The blockchain community has seen a prominent increase in the interest in ICOs, even though they are sort of new in the market. A lot of people consider ICO projects to be unregulated, which allows one to raise big chunks of capital through unfair means. On the other hand, some people argue that it might be an innovative approach to the usual venture-funding prototypes.
A decision has been reached by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which focuses on the current position of tokens which are issued by the DAO ICO and have forced multiple investors to rethink their funding methods in ICOs. One of the most vital measures of this decision is to check whether the token clears the known Howey test or not. In the case where it fails to pass the test, it becomes compulsory to treat the token as a security and subject it to various restrictions that are imposed by the SEC.
The presence of a technology similar to the ERC20 Token Standard makes it easy to structure ICOs. Such technology abstracts a good amount of the development processes, which are needed to invent new cryptographic assets. Majority of the ICOs function by having their investors transfer the funds to a contract which stores the money and distributes equal amounts within a fresh token at another point.
If we were to assume that the token is not a security, then there are very few restrictions as to who is eligible to take part in an ICO. Given that the money you are taking is from a worldwide group of investors, we see that the amounts raised within ICOs tend to be enormous. The biggest problem with ICOs may be that the money raised within them is pre-product, allowing the investment to become risky. On the flip side, a counter-argument says that this style of fundraising is necessary to incentivize the development of the protocol.
Let us try to put forward some historical context about ICOs and their trends before we choose to jump into the discussion of the benefits of ICOs.
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