Psychiatric Nursing: Mental Mechanism Part 2

Hello fellow steemians. I'm here again Rigel. Let's continue to our discussion about the book I read and I want to share the knowledge of what I read in my book named Psychiatric Nursing. Today let's talk about mental mechanism. This is his part 2. The terms "mental mechanism" "mental dynamisms", and "mental defenses" are used interchangeably in psychiatry when discussing methods used by individuals to resolve mental conflict. All human beings use mental mechanisms to alleviate the anxiety perceived during times of stress. Just as our bodies have physical defenses which combat disease conditions, such as the action of white blood cells, so do our mental defenses aid in the resolution of mental conflict.
Ordinarily, the limited use of a defense mechanism will help to resolve a conflict and reduce or alleviate the tension and anxiety produced by it. when mechanisms fail to resolve emotional conflict, an individual's defenses may become pathological to the extent of attracting attention and requiring treatment and sometimes hospitalization. Overt pathological manifestations of menttal mechanism represent attempts to resolve overwhelming mental conflict. Pathological defenses may be observed in the behavior of patients showing ritualistic behavior , in those who deny reality and phatasize. and in others.
It is generally believed that by the tenth year of life defense mechanisms are well established. These mechanism are characteristic ways of behaving in response to situations which threaten the security of the self-system. Mental mechanisms may be used consciously or unconsciously. They are seldom used alone but are more often used in combination with one another. They may be viewed as reaction to conflict which are associated with one of the three major defense patterns: moving againts, moving away, and moving forward.

OVERCOMPENSATION
this mechanism is sometime called "reaction formation". Unconscious attitudes desires may be repressed and replaced by the adoption of conscious attitudes and behavior which are just the opposite of the unconscious ones. Essentially, it is doing the opposite to conceal a socially unacceptable desire of feeling which, if openly expressed, could lead to emotional conflict.

SUBSTITUTION
This is a compromise mechanism which is used when the goal is blocked. It is the acceptance of something else in the place of a desired object or need which cannot be obtained. The substitute is easier to obtain socially acceptable, and helps to achieve at least partial gratification.

DISPLACEMENT
Displacement is transfer into another situation of an emotion felt in a previous situation where its expression would not have been socially acceptable. For instance, emotions such as anger or hostility may not be permitted open expression in some situations where they are evoked.

INTROJECTION
This mechanism derives its name from word "introject" which literally means to take into or ingest. Individuals are constantly introjecting philosophies, ideals , knowledge, customs , mores attitudes, and so on.

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