Python Private Lessons / Series 3

What will we learn?

• Python Private Lessons / Series 3 ( Window construction for the operating system )

Requirements:

• Notepad+
• Operating System
• Python
• PyCharm Edu Download

Difficulty Level:

• Normal Level

Let's Start the Course :

Size of Text Area

We are not talking about the size of the font here, but the size of the area it covers. By giving the background color to the text you will see better the change of values ​​here.

We have 2 parameters to set the size. "width" and "height"

article = label (
      text      =   "Hello World",
      fg           =   "#cccccc",
      bg          =  "#ae0000",

     width     =    0,
     height    =   10

)

Inline Gap:

The inner space in this space is not the text as it is in the same text area, but the margins of the text area. These margins are given in the text field. So if we have the background color of the writing, we can see that it grows.

We will give these properties again as parameter "padx" and "pady".

article = label (
      text      =   "Hello World",
      fg           =   "#cccccc",
      bg          =  "#ae0000",

     padx     =   0,
     pady    =    10

)

After we wrote the code, we left as many spaces as we specified in the borders of the text area.

Font Settings

The text, size, font and thickness we have written so far have been adjusted automatically. We can reset them with the "font" parameter of the "Label ()" property.

article = label (
      text      =   "Hello World",
      fg           =   "#cccccc",
      bg          =  "#ae0000",

     padx     =   0,
     pady    =    10

     font      =   ("Open Sans",  "30"  ,  "bold"  )

)

In the Font parameter we added the font, the font size and the format of the font respectively.

We can use "italic", "normal", "underline" or "overstrike" fonts instead of "Bold".

Width of Text

Let's say we have a word that does not fit in the window. Suppose a piece of text would fit in the window, carry the screen. We need to limit this field and shift the next line. We will do this with the "wraplength" parameter.

article = label (
      text      =   "Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian",
      fg           =   "#cccccc",
      bg          =  "#ae0000",

     padx     =   50,
     pady    =    30

     wraplenght = 100

)

As you will see, the lines will be shifted down one line. We can change the width by playing with the value in this parameter.

Text Alignment

Text left Alignment

article = label (
      text      =   "Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot,Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian,",
      fg           =   "#cccccc",
      bg          =  "#ae0000",

     padx     =   50,
     pady    =    30

     wraplenght = 100
     justify            =  "left"

)

Text right Alignment

article = label (
      text      =   "Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot,Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian,",
      fg           =   "#cccccc",
      bg          =  "#ae0000",

     padx     =   50,
     pady    =    30

     wraplenght = 180
     justify            =  "right"

)

Text Average Alignment

article = label (
      text      =   "Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot, Kingmaggot,Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian, Hello Utopian,",
      fg           =   "#cccccc",
      bg          =  "#ae0000",

     padx     =   50,
     pady    =    30

     wraplenght = 180
     justify            =  "center"

)

The Position Of The Article In Itself

When we enlarge the width and height of the writing, the writing is standardized. We use the "anchor" parameter to move this text right-left, up-down. You can find the values ​​that this parameter will have in the table below.

Code	Explanation
n	Up
s	Down
e	Right
w	Left
ne	Up - Right
nw	Up - Left
se	Down - Right
sw	Down - Left
center	Middle

Let's paste the word up-right for an example.

from tkinter import *

window  =  TK()
window.title("Windows Title")
window.geometry("200x200+300+100")

article  =  Label (
   text   =  "python",
   fg       =  "#cccccc", 
   bg      =  "#cccccc", 
  
   anchor   "ne"
)
article.pack()
mainloop()

Change the mouse cursor when the label is over

When we come to the label we may want to change the mouse icon. For example, we may want to place a finger symbol instead of the standard arrow icon, if we link at one time. We will do this with the "cursor" parameter.

First I give a list of all the cursor names. Here you can choose what you want

X_Cursor	lr_angle
arrow	man
based_arrow_down	middlebutton
based_arrow_up	mouse
boat	pencil
bogasity	pirate
buttom_left_corner	plus
buttom_right_corner	question_arrow
buttom_side	right_ptr
buttom_tee	right_side
box_spiral	right_tee
center_ptr	rightbutton
circle	rtl_logo
clock	sailboat
coffe_mug	sb_down_arrow
cross	sb_h_double_arrow
cross_reverse	sb_left_arrow
crosshair	sb_right_arrow
diamond_cross	sb_up_arrow
dot	sb_v__double_arrow
dotbox	shuttle
double_arrow	sizing
draft_large	spider
draft_smal	spraycan
draped_box	star
exchange	target
fleur	top_left_arrow
gumby	top_left_arrow
hand1	top_left_corner
hand2	top_right_corner
heart	top_tee
icon	trek
iron_cross	ul_angle
left_ptr	umbrella
left_side	ur_angle
left_tee	watch
leftbutton	xterm
ll_angle	-

article  = label (
      text     =   "Python",
      fg         =   "#cccccc",
      bg       =    "#ae0000",
     
     width      =      50,
     height     =      50,

     cursor      =      "cross"
)

You can use it in this way. When we run these codes, our mouse is in the form of "x".

Insert Picture

With the "Label ()" feature, we can add images to my window. Let's add a "GIF" to the window.

from tkinter import *

window  =  TK()
window.title("Windows Title")
window.geometry("200x200+300+100")

picture = PhotoImage(file  =  "utupian.gif")

article   = Label ("image  = picture)
article.pack()

mainloop()

I had an image file called "utopian.gif". Since I do not write the full path to this file, it must be in the same folder as the official program. You can add the full path to the pictures in other places on the computer.

When these codes are run, the specified picture will start to appear in the background of my window.

If you want to add Bitmap file instead of "GIF" file, you can use "BitmapImage ()" function instead of "PhotoImage ()" function.

We can add text inside the same "Label ()" feature and align the picture and text easily. As you are writing, we will use the "text" parameter. For the alignment operation, we will use the "compound" parameter.

You can see the values ​​that the "Compound" parameter can take on the table.

Kingmaggot / utopian.io
top
buttom
left
right
center

As an example, let's try "left" value. Here you have to be on the left side of the picture.

from tkinter import *

window  =  TK()
window.title("Windows Title")
window.geometry("200x200+300+100")

picture = PhotoImage(file  =  "utupian.gif")

article   = Label (
      image    =   picture,
      text         =  "Test Article",
      compound  =  "left"
article.pack()

mainloop()

For the rest of the article, follow our series.

Series :

1 - Python Private Lessons / Series 1 #1

2 - Python Private Lessons / Series 2 #2

3 - Python Private Lessons / Series 3 #3

4 - Python Private Lessons / Series 4 #4

5 - Python Private Lessons / Series 5 #5

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Posted on Utopian.io - Rewarding Open Source Contributors

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